Movie Review of Children of Heaven Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Review of Children of Heaven - Coursework Example The love and affectionate affair that exists between these two is the main theme that the director portrays in the movie. He uses this to bring to the fore the fact that with love, it is possible to live in harmony despite poverty and hard economic times. Ali and his sister Zara cover up each other’s weaknesses which is not a very common occurrence among siblings. In most instances, sibling rivalry dominates. Furthermore, the fact that the two go as far as sacrificing their studies and receiving punishments just to conceal a mistake done by another is commendable. To achieve this without selling the fact that it is a dramatization, the director develops very specific personality trait among his characters. Ali volunteers to go look for his sister’s shoes; this is a show of love which very easily introduces the audience to the kind of affection and understanding among the two. While at the market place, he leaves the shoes unattended. This is not because he is preoccupie d with his own little games but because he saved a little penny and is therefore buying his little sister a cookie. With such a background, it becomes very realistic to understand that the two had shared a very cordial relationship. The director also achieves great success in depicting abject poverty in the movie. Ali’s family plays the role of a poverty stricken family. This is a role that they all play very effectively. An ailing mother, a jobless father, and semi dressed children bring this out very clearly. When Ali’s father later gets a gardening job, the rich and flamboyant northern Tehran brings out the difference clearly. The housing technique in this neighborhood clearly brings out the difference between the rich and the poor in this Islamic society. Furthermore, Ali accompanies his father to the town where he plays with a son to the rich family while his father is busy doing the gardening job. The director succeeds in bringing a clear cut difference between t he two children. In his tattered shirt and bare feet, Ali is distinct and a true representation of poverty. Alizera, the rich child, on the other hand is flamboyantly dressed and plays with restrain unlike Ali who is shocked at every new thing he discovers. Children are normally the true representation of the society; they offer the most basic level upon which a society may be judged and this is so because they rarely lie. Ali and Alizera do just this in depicting their class differences. Done in an Islamic society, the movie does not show it which a success. A number of stereotypes have been associated with the Islamic societies. Their very stringent cultural guidelines especially those demeaning the girl child are not depicted in the movie. Zara goes to school and is in deed a very dedicated student and a darling to most of her teachers. At school, there are quite a number of female teachers. This is unlike a typical Islamic society that most western movies and other literatures h ave succeeded in developing in the minds of many; a society in which a girl child is not valued. In a much concealed manner, the director communicates what an ideal Islamic society is. Ali’s family is a vey poor one which, if anything, should have married off their little pretty daughter to earn some financial support. However, unlike the expected, the family sends her to school and no form of negotiations that would either lead to an

Unit 5 discussion Exploring 1960 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 5 discussion Exploring 1960 - Research Paper Example Peace, love, and brotherhood were the mantra of the American Hippie. The hippie movement (subculture) cut across almost every sphere of American life, inclusive of political, social, and traditional beliefs. The Hippie movement was a broad subculture that significantly altered the fabric of American culture and society (Callan, 2006). In some way, Hippies altered the fashion, music, and lifestyle of America. The group revolutionized people’s perception on taboo subjects such as sex, as it broadly perceived sex identities and desires as something to be explored rather than being contained. Neo-Nazism is a general term incorporating aspects such as fascist, nationalist, white supremacist, anti-Semitic beliefs, and political tendencies seeking to revive the Nazi order or establish fresh order grounded in doctrines similar to those underpinning Nazi Germany. The counterculture movement has a strong resemblance with white nationalist and white power skinhead movements (Lewis, 1996). Neo-Nazism is predominant in nationalist far-right parties such as National Alliance and radicalized versions of protestantism. The movement demonstrates hate towards minorities, gays and lesbians and pursues the establishment of fascist political states. Neo-Nazism counterculture incorporates politically incorrect ideologies such as militant nationalism, homophobia, racism, xenophobia, racism, and anti-Semitism. Counterculture refers to a cultural group whose values and norms are in conflict with those of the social mainstream (Gay, 1997). Neo-Nazism is a counterculture because its ideologies such as xenophobic nationalism and National Socialism are at odds with the mainstream social ideals, besides most of its ideals are explicitly outlawed by constitutions and criminal laws of many

Sociological Approaches To Health And Ill Health

Sociological Approaches To Health And Ill Health In this assignment I will look at the different sociological perspectives on health and ill health as well as the different definitions of it. Defining health is really difficult as there are many different views. There have been many criticisms of the defining of health. The definition of health has changed over the years. For example In Mauritania; a small country in N.W. Africa, obesity is considered a sign of beauty. Girls are force-fed so that they grow up with that obesity look. In the western country obesity is seen as ill health, unattractive and associated with negative stereotypes. Obesity is still seen as a sign of wealth and well-being in many parts of Africa. Functionalist Approach The functionalist approach on health and ill health derives from Talcott Pearson. Talcott saw ill health as a threat to society and believed that good health was essential in order for society to be still functioning. He said that ill health affects our ability to work and perform our roles in society. For that reason he said that for a person to be considered sick there are several expectation to be met. He called the expectations the sick role which indicated how people are supposed to be like when they are ill and how they should be thinking. The sick role divides into two groups; the rights and the obligations. Rights; The sick person is free from any social roles. For example work, or school, they should be allowed to take the day off in order to get back to normal The sick person is not responsible for their condition Obligations; The person should seek for medical assistance. For example going to the doctors to get checked up and get treatment The person should not like being sick. For example the person should not fake being sick just because they get attention as well as getting a day off their normal duties. However the sick role backfires sometimes as people tend to lose patience with the sick person or deny that they are sick for reasons such as liking the role. For example family, they may show sympathy at the beginning but after a while they lose patience with the sick person and assume he/she is seeking attention or is a hypochondriac. Marxist Feminist Approach Marxist approach believes that the health and social care service care services are provided just to help the bourgeoisies gain profit. The Marxist believe that the health and social care of the service users should be maintained in order for them to quickly get back to work so that they can make profit for the bourgeoisies. In order to maintain the social hierarchy the government purposely ignores the selling of products which can harm ones body for example, cigarettes, tobacco etc. In the modern world I believe the hierarchy is shaped into a pyramid with a few elite at the top controlling and manipulating those below which allows the rich to always be the rich and the poor to be the poor giving no chance for movement in the hierarchy. Feminist writers believe that the medical profession and pharmaceutical industries have given a low priority to developing male contraceptive pills which have fewer harmful side effects compared to contraceptives used by women. This shows that society is exploiting women and increase anxiety and stress for women there by suppressing their abilities and making life outside of family harder so that women resume their position as a housewife. For example a women experiencing depression or nausea at her workplace will perform badly therefore in comparison to males who are performing better and getting better result she will seem inferior .This clearly shows how society and its medications are purposely full of side effects to marginalise women, so that the males will be more dominant. While Marxist and Socialist Feminist argue that women are not receiving the same medications as males. Women have two roles, also known as double day which signifies two roles women have to undertake. First of all as a housewife, taking care of her domestic duties, and the other as a worker/employer. Sociologist Doyal suggests that it is the fact that women have two roles in society, that they getting sick. Personally I believe it is due to the medication we receive as women, which could otherwise be given to men with far less side effects. It is the due to the lack of consideration and its need for male dominance that women are sick. Even now in this modern day the definition of health is not clear. There are two opposing theories one being that health means the absence of disease the other being not only an absence of disease but also a state of physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being. The negative concept is the absence of disease which would mean that the person needs to be diagnose with a disease in order to be unhealthy. However the positive definition which is provided by the World Health Organization (WHO)in 1974;not merely an absence of disease but also a state of physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being means that you dont have to be diagnosed with a disease you could be mentally ill ,physically, spiritually ,socially, emotionally, or intellectually. So therefore the health and social care sectors usually take a holistic assessment in order to address the needs of the whole person rather than single issues. (Btec level 3 health and social care book 3). Sociologist Mildred Blaxter carried a large survey and then identified three definitions to health and well-being; One positive definition; regarding health as being fit Two being a negative definition; Regarding health as being free from pain or discomfort And lastly a functional definition; regarding health in terms of being able to perform certain, day-to-day tasks Concepts of ill health Clinical Iceberg One concept of health is Clinical Iceberg this is a term used to describe unreported illness. The statistics produced by the government and the doctors have a 94% off unreported illness missing from the statistics. For example Lyme Disease is one of the highest unreported illnesses that is unreported. A survey last month for the Everyman Male Cancer Campaign suggested that nearly twice as many men as women had not visited their GP in the past year. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8154200.stm last accessed 22/10/12 18:02) (http://www.anh-usa.org/lymedisease/ last accessed 27/12/12 )So therefore this could be one of the reason why there are so many unreported illness because men do need see a doctor because the try and live up to the saying of men dont cry and they are tough so this leads them to think that if they do go to the doctors that they are weak. Impairment Impairment is the restrictions to our day-to-day activities caused by physical or mental dysfunctions for example Down syndrome; a learning difficultly. Disability Disability is seen by Tom Shakespeare as restrictions that arise for a person with impairments because society does not take into account the needs of people with impairment for example someone in a wheel chair not having ramps in buildings or someone deaf not having hearing aids available. However some people may refer this to disabling environment which suggests an environment where facilities for the impairments are not available for people to take full part in social life.

What Happened to Disco? Essay -- essays research papers

What happened to Disco? Bellbottoms, afros, music, sex and drugs can best describe the Disco Era. The Disco Era was a care-free time in which there were no rules. People danced the nights away. Most of the people of the Disco Era lived normal lives, working nine to five jobs during the week, but when the weekend rolled around they put on their bellbottoms and dancing shoes and hit up the Disco Clubs. This is an era that will never be forgotten but will probably never be relived. Disco is said to have begun in the gay nightclubs of New York City in the mid 1960's. At these clubs Deejays played records from little known black artists and quickly and accidentally began channeling underground music to the population. This quickly caught the attention of major record production companies. Up until this point in time, deejays didn't get very much respect for their profession. Disk Jockeys began to play a major role, and soon they became celebrities, in the entertainment world. The whole idea to "Disco Music" was mixing recorded music with other forms of music. This included mixing it with live music as well as mixing it with other recorded tracks. As this type of sound became very popular, recording artists started mixing different types of music in the recording studio. There were so many popular artists during the Disco Era, and much of their music is still listened to today. One particular group that gained much fame during this era was the Bee Gees. When the Bee Gees first came out their popularity skyrocketed. They were said by many to be the next Beatles only with a different type of music. Those who did characterize them as the next Beatles were exactly right. They produced number one hits one after the other. Some of their biggest hits were placed on the soundtrack to Saturday Night Fever, which became the biggest selling album in history up to that point. Saturday Night Fever, starring John Travolta, was a movie based on the life of Disco. John Travolta became a cultural Icon to young males during the 70's. Every guy dressed like him and wanted to live like him, and every female wanted to date him. This movie became one of the biggest influences on disco goers of this era. Before this movie came out, disco was very popular. After the re lease of the mo... ...because they acted like themselves. They didn't feel as though they had to be "Politically Correct" anymore. They went out and did what they wanted to do, when they wanted to do it, including, the chronic drug use and the careless sex. The sad thing about the Disco era is, although it will always be a part of our culture as a nation but it will never make a comeback. Sure, people still wear bellbottoms, and there are still hippies and disco music is still very popular, but the United States has become too modernized for the disco era to ever make a comeback. Personally, I think that it would be very cool if it were to make a comeback. I think that it would be fun to wear bellbottoms and crazy shirts, but I'm sure that I would get sick of it very quickly and go back to the way that I am used to living. First of all, the music industry would never allow for new disco acts to burst upon the scene. The music industry is what got the era going in the first place. Secondly, the United States government would never allow for such an era to occur again. The Disco Era will always play a very important role in the history of the United States and will forever live on in spirit.

Talk Show Example Script

HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Introduction â€Å"Paraphrase† is a verb which means to re-write a phrase or sentence with the same meaning but using different words. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests, including TOEFL iBT, IELTS and TOEIC Speaking and Writing. In TOEFL iBT, for instance, paraphrasing is an important skill in the reading section, in the listening section and, above all, in the speaking and writing sections of the test. Here is a quick example of paraphrasing using a phrase from the paragraph above: 1. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests. † 2. â€Å"For many tests of English, being skilful at paraphrasing is extremely important. † Notice how the paraphrased version (sentence 2) changes some vocabulary (e. g. , â€Å"extremely† for â€Å"very†), changes the word order (e. g. , â€Å"tests of English† for â€Å"Eng lish tests†) and changes the grammar (e. g. , â€Å"being skilful at paraphrasing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  for â€Å"Paraphrasing is a very important skill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) These are the three main ways to paraphrase and by combining all of these methods, you can achieve clear and accurate paraphrased sentences.The next sections will look at these methods in more detail. Paraphrasing Method 1: Use Different Vocabulary with the Same Meaning Most students try to use this method, but actually it can be difficult to use. The reason is that although English has many synonyms such as ‘large’ or ‘big’, it is unusual for these words to have exactly the same meaning. So, if you try to use a lot of synonyms when you paraphrase, you might produce sentences that are not natural English. Unnatural sentences are likely to reduce your score more than small mistakes because the reader may not understand what you are trying to say.For example, look at this original sentence and two paraphrased equivalents: 1. â€Å"It can be difficult to choose a suitable place to study English. † 2. â€Å"It is often a challenge to pick up (x) a relevant (x) school to learn English. † 3. â€Å"It is sometimes hard to select an appropriate place to learn English. † For non-native speakers, these three sentences might look like they have the same meaning. For native speakers, however, sentence 2 is unnatural. The first problem is â€Å"pick up†. This expression does NOT have the same meaning as â€Å"choose†, so this part of the paraphrased sentence is actually wrong.The second problem is the word â€Å"relevant†. In some cases, â€Å"relevant† and â€Å"suitable† are good synonyms but in this example they are not This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca [email  protected] ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS clas ses for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively close in meaning at all. Sentence 3 is a much better paraphrase of sentence 1 because all of the words have the same meaning.The best advice is to follow the â€Å"100% rule† for using synonyms: only use a synonym for a word if you are 100% certain that the new word has 100% the same meaning as the original word. If you are less than 100% certain, keep the same word and use either method two or method three to paraphrase your sentence. Paraphrasing Method 2: Change the Order of Words Changing the word order of a phrase or sentence is usually safer than using synonyms because the words are the same, so the meaning must be the same.However, it is not always easy to decide which words to move or to decide to which position the words should be moved Also, when you move a word you might need to change some other words, add some other words or cut some other words to ensure that the new sentence is grammatically correct. Here a re two suggestions for how to change the word order without making errors: a. If the original sentence has two or more clauses, change the order of the clauses. 1. â€Å"If they have some help, most people can paraphrase effectively.However, practice is important because paraphrasing is difficult. † 2. â€Å"Most people can paraphrase effectively, if they have some help. Paraphrasing is difficult, however, so practice is important. † b. If the original sentence has an adjective and noun, change the adjective into a relative clause. 1. â€Å"Writing essays can be a challenging task. † 2. â€Å"Writing essays can be a task which is challenging. † Paraphrasing Method 3: Use Different Grammar It sounds very difficult to use different grammar, but actually it is easier than changing vocabulary.In addition, if you change the grammar and make an error, usually the reader will understand what you mean. However, if you change the vocabulary and make an error, ofte n the reader will not understand what you mean. So, although changing the grammar has some advantages, it is still not easy and you should practice it as often as possible. Here are two suggestions for how to change the grammar without making errors: This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. a [email  protected] ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively a. Change some of the words in the original sentence into different parts of speech (you will often need to change the word order and some other words, too). 1. â€Å"The most effective way to build your English skill is to study regularly. † 2. â€Å"The most effective way of building your English skill is to do studying on a regular basis. † b. If the original sentence is in the active voice, change it to passive or vice versa. 1. To improve English, you should le arn new vocabulary on a daily basis. † 2. â€Å"To improve English, new vocabulary should be learned on a daily basis† Further Practice By using the methods and ideas given in this article, you should be able to improve your paraphrasing skill. In tests like IELTS and TOEFL iBT you will often need to paraphrase quickly, so you need to practice regularly if you are going to get better and faster. Start by practicing each method individually and then begin combining the methods until you are comfortable at using all three of them.If you want to see more examples of paraphrasing, one of the best ideas is to compare two news articles about a current event in two different newspapers. The stories will contain most of the same details, but the sentences will be different. By comparing the sentences and paragraphs you will get more ideas about how to paraphrase and see some real examples. Newspaper websites are often a good place to see two different articles without paying fo r two different newspapers. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. ww. higherscore. ca [email  protected] ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Useful Words The following list defines some of the difficult words used in this article. A synonym is a word or phrase that has almost the same meaning as another word or phrase. For example, ‘smart', ‘clever' and ‘intelligent' are all synonyms because they have almost the same meaning. If two things are equivalent, they are equal or almost equal to each other although they might be in different places.For example, the British ‘prime minister' is equivalent to the United States ‘president' because both the ‘prime minister' and ‘president' are the most powerful politicians in their country. If somebody ensures something, the person makes sure that something is correct or true or OK. For example, if I am going on a trip, I will check my pocket to ensure that I have my passport. A clause is a grammar word that describes part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. Most clauses also contain an object or subject complement.Some clauses are ‘reduced' which means that subject (and sometimes the auxiliary verb) are omitted. The phrase part of speech is used to describe the different types of words that are used in English. For example, ‘noun', ‘verb', ‘adjective' and ‘adverb' are four common parts of speech. The expression (and/or) vice versa is used to indicate that the opposite of something which was just mentioned is also true. For example, ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and vice versa' means ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and if the book is in the box, put it on the shelf. This article is provided as a free service to all test preparation students by Hi gher Score, Canada’s number one test preparation centre. Students are welcome to send copies of this article to other students who are taking a test. However, this article may not be distributed in any other way without the express written consent of Higher Score. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca [email  protected] ca

A Foresight to the Education of the Future Essay

At the beginning of the last century, students used to spend many hours at libraries looking for information. It was mostly because there were no other means to obtain the knowledge needed to fulfill the school or university’s assignments. However, for the last thirty or twenty years this situation has been changing, and with it the way we learn or in other words the way we acquire our knowledge. Nowadays, in many educational institutions the web-based research has become the most effective way of gathering information, because it allows us to find whatever we want to know in seconds. Nevertheless, if we leave aside the contribution of technology to the compilation of facts, we can realize that not because we are able to have a quick access to information it means that we understand or learn something. My goal in this paper is to discuss the influence and effects of technology in education by expressing my opinion and my analysis of Anderson, M.T. Feed. Somerville, Massachuset ts: Candlewick Press, 2012. Print. Firstly, from my point of view M. T. Anderson tries to give us a message of how technology is interferes in our everyday life and the role it plays in human communication. Additionally, I can perceive a certain degree of prediction of what the future awaits for us if we do not act to ameliorate our behavior towards the usage of technology. He presents this foresight through many themes. However, as I said before I will be only analyzing education and knowledge. To understand why this theme is important it is necessary to point out that in this futuristic schools students have a completely different education, where subjects are frivolous and do not require students to think by themselves. Additionally, people are said to be smart because the feed provides them instantly with everything they need to know. Therefore, people do not have to make efforts to comprehend and learn collections of factual knowledge. The undemanding acquisition of knowledge may sound fantastic, but if we think carefully about it, we will find that  if we do not use our own brain to learn or to do anything else, we may lose the characteristic that differentiate us from the rest of animals which is our ability to think critically. â€Å"That’s one of the great things about the feed- that you can be supersmart without ever working† (Anderson 47) this was the first evidence that made me realize that Titus, the main character and narrator of the novel, tends to confuse what being smart actually means. The first definition he gives to the word smart is to have access to information. However, this is nothing more than an aid, an element that helps us to be smart. People need to work by themselves in order to analyze and understand their findings only then we can say that someone is smart. For instance: being the owner of a computer with internet access does not make us smart, but what does is to use the information after a thoughtful analysis of it. Titus also define being smart as being fashionable, which in certain situations it is perfectly correct, still this is not the case, given that he talks of Violet creating and using her brain to do what she wanted. This confusion is clearly depicted in this passage: â€Å"I was afraid that she would be too smart for me, but she wasn’t. I don ´t mean she wasn ´t smarter, because she was, but just that there was so much she hadn ´t done† (Anderson 107) Titus define Violet as intelligent, but then he suddenly changes his conception to not smart enough for the reason that Violet had not done some things. In the book people do what the feed suggest them to do which generally involve buying things. Therefore, what Titus meant was that Violet was not smart enough, because she did not have the economic resource s to buy what most people of her age buy. In our society what we buy does not determine yet how smart or educated we are. Notwithstanding, It is not difficult for me to think that in the future smart will mean fashionable in any context, considering that we are already buying the trends on the market to make us feel important, just as important as once was to be smart. Moreover, we learn in the book that education is different because of the progress of technology, Titus states that in the past â€Å"when their grandparents were students they did not learn anything useful.†(Anderson 109) I agree with him to a certain extent, it is true that sometimes we learn things we will never use. Yet everything we learn at school helps us not only to exercise our brain and to be a well-rounded person, but also to the acquisition of essential features that differentiates us from the rest  of animals. Titus’ education has no longer subjects that make students think, the new subjects are all about the extremely consumerist society they live in. Titus express that â€Å"Now that Schoolâ„ ¢ is run by corporations, It’s pretty brag, because it teaches us how the world can be used, like mainly how to use our feeds.† (Anderson 109-110)Even when it is true that they teach useful information to live in their peculiar world, the subjects are completely superficial when it comes to development of people as human beings. I think that the author gives us a clear illustration of what we are currently doing in our everyday life at school or any other educational institution. We look up the knowledge in the web and we use it, but we do not trouble ourselves by trying to understand or analyze whether our findings are correct or not. Additionally, Throughout the book we can find many allusions to problems that our society is facing due to the development of technology.

Ganivet, Idearium Essay Example

Ganivet, Idearium Essay Example Ganivet, Idearium Paper Ganivet, Idearium Paper Angel Ganivets suicide at the age of 32 brought to an abrupt close the development of an innovative writer and thinker. Although necessarily limited in number, his publications had a significant impact on his contemporaries and on the development of the essay in Spain. His writings challenge the established generic borders in keeping with turn-of-the-century experimentation with limits and traditional definitions. He combines the essay and the epistolary form in Cartas finlandesas (1898; Letters from Finland) and in the posthumous El porvenir de Espana (1912; The future of Spain), and takes the hybrid form of travel essay and social commentary in a second posthumous work, Hombres del norte (1905; Men from the north). Ganivet writes from the stance of an outsider, analyzing Spain from his diplomatic residences in Finland and Belgium and critiquing European culture from his vantage point as a Spaniard with ties to Africa and Latin America. In his bestknown essay, Idearium espanol (1897; Spain: An Interpretation ), Ganivet breaks with the prevailing rationalist, scientific perspective to analyze the history and future of Spain by means of a new multivoiced, contradictory, and subjective discourse. Spain: An Interpretation and Ganivets other essays incorporate a multitude of competing voices and discourses that represent the tensions marking Spain and the rest of the world in the transition from traditional to modern society. : His texts introduce terms and arguments drawn from 19th-century debates over Catholicism, positivism, imperialism, and rationalism and interweave them in a complex discursive play that undermines and redefines tradition while suggesting new forms of thinking and writing. The text speaker in Spain: An Interpretation appropriates a positivist, determinist characterization of nations according to their geographic identification as island, peninsula, or continent, but then deconstructs the stability of these classifications by pointing out that Spain, a peninsula, has erroneously adopted behaviors appropriate to an island nation. In a similar vein, the speaker continuously invokes history and the 19th-century notion of historical determinism, only to subvert it by suggesting that Spains past was an error, a deviation from its true nature. The present does not mirror the past or develop naturally from it, but rather confronts it as an alien other. Ganivets texts display a disjunctive vision of history, as a process marked by violent shifts and discontinuity. This view coincides with repudiation of rationalism and the adoption of a style that eschews a logical development of ideas and a clear exposition of thought. Ganivets essays privilege a nonlinear exposition, with no clear declaration of purpose and constant changes in topic without prior explanation. The various sections of Idearium espanol have no titles and no clear section or subsection divisions. The narrator repeatedly verbalizes a lack of concern with consistency and logic and expresses a preference for ideas redondas (round ideas) over ideas pic udas (sharp, pointed ideas). The latter are defined as categorical, with no contradictions and no shading, and consequently lead to conflict and disagreement, while round ideas allow for the fusion of opposites and welcome paradoxical overlappings and irregularities, creating possibilities for love and union. The acceptance and even cultivation of contradiction produces texts that defy definition and force the reader to suspend judgment and adopt an open and flexible position. Attempts to define a clearly delineated ideological posture in Ganivets essays fail in the face of a purposeful irrationalism and consistent shifts in position. For some readers, the repudiation of positivism, capitalism, and Kantian pure reason reflects the failure of the Enlightenment to take root in Spain and leads to an antirational stance bordering on fascism. However, Ganivets redefinitions of history and his insistent rejection of a logic that justifies injustice and of a capitalism that promotes war can also be read as an answer to the crisis of modernity that continues to find voice in contemporary thought. Furthermore, his unrelenting attack on imperialism and respect for different cultures and values anticipate late 20th-century views. During the height of the Cuban struggle to win independence from Spain and during the years when European imperialist dominance over Africa and Asia were viewed as proof of Western superiority over the rest of the world, Ganivets writings proposed new, nonimperialist forms of leadership. Idearium espanol argues that the greatness of a nation does not depend on territorial extension, and calls on Spain to initiate a new postcolonial order that is without precedent in world history. The text speaker makes use of nationalistic discourse in order to combat it, calling on national pride but toward a new end. The essays of Angel Ganivet offer new modalities of thinking and writing. His texts evade clear categorization in keeping with his rejection of 19th-century rationalist and scientific discourse and thought. The organization of ideas follows a circular pattern, with the reintroduction of previously mentioned ideas, but with significant (albeit subtle) variations. Through a complex interweaving of inherited discourse and modern variations, Ganivets essays seek to rewrite the pas and create new forms of cultural coexistence. y Mark P. Del Mastro The Citadel Es el caso que al hablar de Ganivet algunos le han llamado precursor, lo digo redondamente y sin ambajes, que si entre Ganivet y yo hubo influencia mutua, fue mucho mayor la mia sobre el que la de el sobre mi [sic]. (Unamuno, Obras completas 4: 955-56, from Salamanca, February 1912) The question of precursors of literary movements is complicated by the impossibilityand perhaps absurdityof identifying a sole figure. Over the years, the Generation of 98 has also suffered the same problems of definition. Of the possible precursorsgenerally designated by their ideological influence over the movement or generationAngel Ganivets name began to surface predominantly at the beginning of the 20th century as a result of two events: 1) the commemoration in the Ateneo de Madrid on 29 November 1903 of the 5th anniversary of Ganivets death and 2) the publication of his Idearium espanol in August of 1897, which initiated critical interest in his works. Unamuno, however, protested this new focus on Ganivet, especially the position of Carlos Malagarriga who claimed that Ganivet was the true spiritual source of contemporaryearly 20th centurySpanish intellects. Perhaps partially due to his own written protests, Unamunos reputation as ideological father of the noventayochistas remained. But certainly reinforcing this distinction was En torno al casticismo (first published as separate essays in the journal La Espana Moderna in 1895, two years prior to the Idearium),2 one of the first recognized works of the Generation that systematically and philosophically proposed solutions for the social and ideological crises of fin de siglo Spain. Because the Idearium and ETC share similar 98 principles, the appearance of numerous comparative studies was logical. 3 Unfortunately, few recognized he importance of Ganivets doctoral dissertation, Espana filosofica contemporanea, a work that also presented 98 concepts but was written in 1889, six years prior to the circulation of ETC. The only study that approaches a comparison of EFC and ETC is Donald Shaws book La Generacion del 98, although Shaw seems to leave the door open intentionally for others to undertake the task. The following analysis will attempt to enter this open door and revindicate Ganivet as one of the important pre cursors of La generacion del 98. The primary reason for scant comparative studies is EFC was not published until 1930 in Ganivets Obras completas; consequently, for critics it has been unjustified to consider EFC influential in contemporary Spanish thought, including Unamunos. Then why and how can one claim the contrary? In Madrid in May and June of 1891, during the competitive examinations for the chairs of Greek at the Universities of Granada and Salamanca respectively, Ganivet and Unamuno were introduced and, as Unamuno himself explains, they met and conversed daily for about 6 weeks (Unamuno, Obras completas 4: 954). Although he observes that Ganivet was silencioso de nino y de mozo (Obras completas 10: 175) during these cordial meetings, Unamuno admits that his friend did make observaciones de cuando en cuando (175). Despite Unamunos denial, mutual influence was certainly possible, and as will be demonstrated in this analysis, a strong argument exists for Ganivets impact on Unamunos thinking, thereby reinforcing the claim that Ganivet represents a precursor of both Unamunos ideas and those of the Generation of 1898. As the title suggests, EFC addresses the philosophical problem of Spain with applications to the countrys society of the period. According to Ganivet, Spain is in decay because a fragmented and inappropriate philosophical base has prevented the proliferation of beneficial ideas. This fragmentation is due to the Spanish adoption of multiple foreign ideologiesthe medios puramente externos (EFC 591)such as Krausism, positivism, materialism and social Darwinism of Haeckel, all of which f ail to share a collective and uniquely Spanish mission. For Ganivet, the possibility of social reform is found in a collective ideological mission that begins with a system of philosophical education focused on the directive ideas (592), or mother ideas (598), and a combination of common philosophy, or filosofia vulgar, and scientific philosophy, or filosofia cientifica (592). Common philosophy, Ganivet explains, is distinct from scientific philosophylos medios externos or the sistemas contradictorios (EFC 609)by forming part of the Spanish essencethe common cultural trait of Spainthat corresponds to all Spaniards. According to the author, it is: la que carece de un fondo sistematico u ordenado y una organizacion completa; †¦la que es patrimonio de todos los hombres, la que inspira la vida de la sociedad y forma lo que generalmente se denomina medio ambiente, es decir, la idea que flota en todos los espiritus e imprime cierto sello de unidad a cada epoca historica. (593) This is akin to the notion of tradition: customs and ideas that originate from the psychological union of people with the land that surrounds them; ideas and customs already founded and passed along to their predecessors. For Ganivet, it is critical to initiate educational reform with both special consideration to and the implementation of this collective ideology. Nevertheless, the author believes that people ignore this ideology when learning scientific philosophy, the contradictory systems. Isolated from common philosophy, the scientific is: contenida en explicaciones que no traspasan las paredes de las aulas universi tarias, o en volumenes que rara vez son sacados del estante de la biblioteca, no puede ser utilizada con otra representacion que con la suya propia omo expresion de un nucleo mas o menos numeroso de individuos. (EFC 593) Ganivet claims that all philosophical frameworks not originating from Spanish society, or common philosophy, pertain exclusively to the scientific. Individuals that adopt the scientific ignore their common philosophy and consequently fail to achieve results that will benefit collective society; in this case, it is egotism that motivates them. Each social institution in Spain, as around the globe, is motivated by the groups special interests, which Ganivet labels as las ideas particulares (592) and the interes particular (612). However, the ideas particulares are not related to the ideas madres mentioned previously. While the mother ideas serve to benefit all Spaniards and represent the harmonic union of common and scientific philosophies, the ideas particulares benefit exclusively distinct groups and are the result of the divorce of these two philosophies. The complementing presence of selfishness naturally leads to the particular ideas and prevents the achievement of the mother ideas or the grandes ideales (608). Motivated solely by their individual interests, Spaniards are incapable of identifying their common philosophy, thereby missing the critically important mother ideas. Because of the false promise of utopia, Spanish society seeks purely external mechanisms or ideas. The resulting condition of this fruitless quest is indeterminacion (EFC 611), la apatia (602) and letargo mental (608), and Spain is rendered an enfermo debil y postrado (653). The author claims that the conflict among the numerous external ideasideologies originating outside of Spaininevitably confuse the Spaniards, ultimately creating indifference, apathy and a mentally hampered state. Ganivet identifies this condition later as la abulia in a letter dated 18 February 1893 to his friend Francisco Navarro y Ledesma: El temor de perder las ideas es un signo mortal; no es que las ideas se van a perder, es que se va a escapar de nuestro dominio la inteligencia, que no podremos tener ideas cuando queramos porque la inteligencia no quiera fijarse en los objetos. Esta aversion es muy frecuente en los tontos, porque en ellos la inteligencia no tiene posibilidad de apropiarse sinnumero de cosas; es tambien sintoma de la abulia o debilitacion de la voluntad, porque en este padecimiento la vida retrograda, no pudiendo vencer la pereza, que le impide continuar asimilandose elementos nuevos para renovar la vida al compas del tiempo. †¦La causa de la enfermedad es la falta de atencion (sic). (Epistolario 26-27) The origin of this clinical metaphor is the reference adopted by the French psychologist Theodule Armand Ribot in the late 19th century. Nevertheless, Ganivets use of la abulia to diagnose metaphorically the condition of his country echoes within the works of several Generation of 98 writers and contemporaries such as Azorin, Baroja, Maeztu, Cajal and Machado. 7 As previously noted, Ganivets envisioned remedy for the abulia is achieved by the reconciliation of the common and scientific philosophies. When the scientific establishes roots in Spanish tradition and its realidad, or common philosophy, this union will reflect the ideas directivas, the only solution for successful social reform in Spain. To initiate this process, however, a Ganivetian maestro (EFC 668) must determine the appropriate combination of common and scientific philosophies for each individual of society. The maestro is responsible for presenting the mother ideas to each person or student and, at the same time, the student must trust in the good will of the maestro in order to adopt without reservations these new ideals. Also, the maestro must act with a pure lovefree of self interestand be indifferent with the pupil. This indifference, however, is not of the abulic sense. Ganivet refers to an indifference that connotes unselfishness: ones de-emphasis of the material, the rejection of surpassing fellow man, and not taking advantage of him. Ganivetian indifference and love are the qualities of assuring that the maestro does not intervene with selfish and negative motives. The process of obtaining new directive ideas should be realized individually and not collectively because the inappropriate acquisition of generic ideas by all members of society will again lead to the periods problem with scientific philosophy. All citizens are unique and, consequently, their intellectual needsthe individual aptitudes of EFC (673)vary. These distinct aptitudes should be recognized and cultivated by the maestro in harmony and conjunction with Spanish history, tradition and reality; in other words, with common philosophy. In this manner, the maestro will not commit the same egotistical error reflected in special interests because the mother ideas although containing some unique characteristics will be founded upon Spains history, tradition and contemporary reality. Parallel to EFC is Unamunos ETC. Of the concepts most widely recognized from this work, perhaps the most notable is la intrahistoria (56). 8 Within this notion, which Unamuno also terms eterna esencia and la tradicion eterna, is the remedy for Spains abulic condition. Unamuno writes: Esa vida intrahistorica, silenciosa y continua como el fondo mismo del mar, es la sustancia del progreso, la verdadera tradicion, la tradicion eterna, no la tradicion mentira que se suele ir a buscar al pasado enterrado en libros y papeles, y monumentos, y piedras (28). Further ahead in the same series of articles, Unamuno elaborates his definition: La tradicion eterna es lo que deben buscar los videntes de todo pueblo para elevarse a la luz, haciendo conciente en ellos lo que en el pueblo es inconciente, para guiarle asi mejor [sic] (29). Here are clear echoes of Ganivets common philosophy in the vida intrahistorica and the tradicion eterna, concepts that for both authors are essential for societys guidance by the directive ideas explained by Ganivet. Without these guides, society is misdirected and without possibilities for progress. According to Unamuno, La tradicion eterna es el fondo del ser del hombre mismo. El hombre, esto es lo que hemos de buscar en nuestra alma (ETC 30)†¦ Hay que ir a la tradicion eterna, madre del ideal, que no es otra cosa que ella misma reflejada en el futuro (34). Like Ganivet, Unamuno emphasizes the need to discover the madre del ideal or idea directiva to progress, and he explains this with the complicated notion he labels el nimbo, un fondo de continuidad que envuelve a lo precedente con lo subsiguiente (ETC 60), like an eternal sea of knowledge that unites past, present and future of societys ideas. With this concept, Unamuno alludes to the Spaniards individual efforts of turning inward to discover the la tradicion eterna/la intrahistoria to unite this with surrounding/contemporary reality. In the authors time, people do not achieve the nimbo or directive idea because their lives are isolated in a presente momento historico (ETC 27)or Ganivets scientific philosophywhich is not associated or linked to the eternal traditionGanivets common philosophyin a continuum. This presente momento historico is la superficie del mar, una superficie que se hiela y cristaliza en los libros y registros (27); like Ganivets scientific philosophy it is found separated on library shelves (EFC 593). Similar to Ganivet, Unamuno describes the treatment of this history, of los libros y registros, as disassociated from mans eternal tradition, or common philosophy; in other words, that which forms part of the Spaniards essence. Explaining this problem in Spain, Ganivet refers to scientific philosophy, which is parallel to Unamunos tradicion mentira, the symbolic seas surface. As noted previously, Ganivet states that the divorce or separation of scientific and common philosophies is the main cause of Spains demise. This common philosophy, or Unamunos tradicion eterna, is distinct from scientific philosophy. When both ideologies are linked is when the mother idea or Unamunian nimbo will come forth. The intrahistoria is progressive, like the directive idea, when it is associated with present reality. For Unamuno, a sound example of disassociation is that which exists between literature (corresponding to quo ;intrahistoria) and science (corresponding to reality or the presente momento historico). Both Unamuno and Ganivet recognize the same result of this ideological separation: egotism and the subsequent abulia. The Unamunian ideas of egotism and love also align with Ganivets. For both authors, selfishness completely inhibits personal and social reforms by preventing the indispensable component of love. In the views of Ganivet and Unamuno, love is a pure and noble sentiment manifested in the help of others and the control of egotistical tendencies. The person who adopts this ideal love will prove a formidable collaborator in the utopian missions postulated by the two authors. For Unamuno, El fuerte, el radicalmente fuerte, no puede ser egoista: el que tiene fuerza de sobra, la saca para darla (ETC 46). The ideas of force and power go hand-in-hand with love, and not egoism. By exhibiting this same quality, the Ganivetian maestro is essentially the same radicalmente fuerte of Unamuno: a selfless individual whose pure love results in his/her pupils attainment of the mother ideas, as explained previously in terms of Ganivetian indifference. In Unamunos eyes, love itself makes possible the true success of ideal reform and the collective, individual benefits of the Spanish people: A traves del amor llegamos a las cosas con nuestro ser propio (24). These cosas are the ideas or the superficial history found in the libros y registros but that are achieved and understood appropriately by means of nuestro ser propio, in other words, by means of the intrahistoria and the eternal tradition of the people. Unamuno believes love establishes the union between intrahistoria and science, while Ganivet sees love as the first step to reconciling common and scientific philosophies. Nevertheless, the actual separation of these two ideologies results in the Spanish condition that Ganivet labels as letargo mental (EFC 608) and abulia (Epistolario 26), and that Unamuno calls el marasmo (ETC 125) and la abulia (138). With these akin clinical metaphors, both authors view Spain as ill. In the case of the abulia, Ganivet selects a medical term from a French psychologistas previously notedto describe the hampered mental state of the afflicted Spaniards. With marasmus, Unamuno refers to a physical condition: the chronic illness of semi-starvation typical in children suffering reduced growth. In advanced stages, marasmus is exhibited as muscle deterioration and the absence of subcutaneous fat. For Unamuno, it is a problem of a Spain malnourished by scarce new ideas: No hay corrientes vivas internas en nuestra vida intelectual y moral; esto es un pantano de agua estancada, no corriente de manantial (ETC 132). In Ganivets view, Spains condition is perpetuated by the overabundance of inappropriate, non-Spanish ideals. Contemporary ideology, for both authors, is insufficient to rehabilitate the country. Both Unamuno and Ganivet believe that ideological rehabilitation has its key step in the association between reality, the presente momento historico/la filosofia cientifica and la intrahistoria/la filosofia vulgar. However, in contrast to Ganivet, Unamuno does not propose that this reform be achieved through a maestro, but rather by the Spaniards themselves. For Unamuno, the europeizacion of Spain is critical for initiating this social and intellectual process since Spanish ideas are stagnated. Together with the attempt of each citizen to discover their tradiciones eternas, Spaniards should Europeanize themselves. They must join the process of internal discovery with contemporary European ideas in order to stimulate and enhance the immobile intellectual current of the present: Con el aire de fuera regenero mi sangre, no respirando el que exhalo (ETC 145). Ganivet views Spains crisis as caused precisely by the invasion of foreign ideologies. What must be done, therefore, is reduce external influences in favor of the dominance of Spanish ideals. Foreign philosophies can only be implanted in Spain if they conform to the countrys contemporary common philosophy. Of all the similarities noted in this study, it is this point that most distinguishes the proposed reforms of the authors. Typical of Unamunos proud demeanor is his insistence that his ideological influence on Ganivet was greater than Ganivets on him during their tertulias in Madrid in 1891. However, Unamunos assertion is challenged by the fact that two years earlierin 1889Ganivet

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Identify and describe the major problems of domestic violence by comparing present-day American society to that of at least 2 ot - Essay Example The problems related with domestic violence are numerous, and these issues are managed in different cultures in different ways. In the United States, the problems of domestic violence are frightening and it is established in several studies that, on an average, four women are murdered by male partner on a daily basis in the nation and the number of women killed due to domestic violence is alarmingly high. Whereas the magnitude of domestic violence in the U.S. is shocking, this appalling social evil is not confined to the U.S. alone and it is a global phenomenon. â€Å"Increasingly, domestic violence is being recognized as a very serious social problem in most countries around the world. Perhaps through studying the problem in other countries, we can continue to make progress in our own.† (Summers, xvi) Therefore, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the major problems of domestic violence in the present-day American society with those of other cultures such as Australian , Russian, Jamaican, and Japanese in order to offer a greater insight into problems related with it. ... In the United States, family or domestic violence is a reality happening on a frequent and frightening level. Several studies on the topic have maintained that sixty percent of the families in the U.S. use violence on a regular basis, while the rate of child abuse in the nation is more than ninety percent. â€Å"Further statistics indicate that 1 in 4 young American women will be raped, and 50 percent of all women will be beaten at least once in a relationship†¦ In the United States, 2,000 children a year are killed at the hands of their parents or guardians. The estimates of physical child abuse are between 2000,000 and 2.8 million a year†¦ Sexual abuse estimates range from 130,000 to 1.3 million cases a year.† (Leeder, 238) Therefore, it is essential to realize that domestic violence in the United States has been a major threat to social stability and gender equality. Several social security policies and legislations such as the Violence against Women Act in 1994 h ave been adopted in the nation to fight against the increasing number of domestic violence. A careful analysis of the current trends in the country indicates that domestic violence has been recognized as a tragic and costly phenomenon. â€Å"Since the 1970s, more accurate methods of measuring its incidence have been developed, new laws have been enacted, and a plethora of agencies have been established to not only support victims but also prevent its occurrence.† (Summers, 170) However, domestic violence has not been confined to the U.S. alone, and nations across the globe are affected by the results of this social plague. An understanding of the extend of the problems of

Media Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Media Relations - Assignment Example With respect to Zimmerman’s case, Sanford police department and city officials would have instituted contingency measures meant to facilitate professional response to such situations. In this case, media relations officers for the police force should have responded to journalists’ questions in a consistent and convincing manner2. Relevant media respondents would have allowed timely provision of preliminary assumptions of Martin’s death. Such timely and convincing response helps to build public support; hence activating a positive public opinion for the institutions. Modern federal and state institutions across the US adopt substantial use of internet in their process of distributing information. In the case of Martin’s death, Sanford police department availed limited information through the city website3. Within the use of internet media, there is a significant growth of popularity in blogging from sections of participatory journalism and even from the mainstream public. Blogging utilizes technological advances used in HTML and FLP. Once organizations publish articles in their website, the technology allows readers to leave comments below the articles. This technology serves as an appropriate platform where media personnel and the public members engage in interactive conversations concerning a subject under considerations. Blogs, being a dynamic media technology, poses both positive and negative ramifications. Positive comments can enhance development of a constructive interactions; hence developing a reputable perspective on the article’s content4. On the other hand, lack of timely and reliable information in website articles like in the case of Martin’s death sparks the public to leave negative comments that twists public opinion on an

Gender Speech Community Essay Example for Free

Gender Speech Community Essay Abstract This research paper will focus on the human language. Human language is extremely significant for all peoples. My main topic for this paper is how we use and develop language, the production of language, language acquisition and the importance of the critical period. Chomsky, Skinner, and Whorf all had various theories on language but all had one major thing in common, which was the significance of language. Regardless of when or how language is developed; it is essential to have living in environment where every one using language to talk, learn and receive knowledge. The Ways in Which People Use and Develop Language and The Effects it May Have on a Person If a person does not develop oral language this will affect the way in which people communicate with other people. From birth throughout their lives time people are taught the uses of language and create a way of communication. Language is the main component for all humans. â€Å"The use of language-the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules-is a central cognitive ability, one that is indispensable for us to communicate with one another† (Stapel Semin, 2007; Hoff; 2008; Resiberg). Language is essential to how we communicate, think, and understand the world. Without language our ability to convey information, obtain knowledge and cooperate with others would be hindered. This paper looks at Chomsky, Benjamin Lee Whorf and B.J. Skinners theories on language acquisition and why language it is so important to have and what could happen to a person if he/she were isolated from society. In order to comprehend how language is created and relates to thought, we first need to know that the basic structure of language is grammar. Grammar is a set of rules that clarifies how our thoughts can be articulated. There are three main elements that go with grammar; they are phonology, syntax, and semantics. Phonology is the study of the smallest unit of speech called phonemes. Phonemes are the way we use sounds to form words and produce meaning. Syntax deals with how words and phrases can be united to form sentences and semantic rules allow us to express meanings to words. Feldman, Robert S. (2011). Although many people may have a hard time explaining the meanings of these words, we all subconsciously use grammar every day in a linguistic way! Language starts during infancy from three months through one-year- old. Children begin to make insignificant speech like sounds that is called babble. In the textbook Feldman, Robert S. (2011) stated that while babbling, they produce, at one time or another, any of the sounds found in all languages, not just the one to which are exposed. Even deaf children demonstrate their own form of babbling, who are incapable to hear, yet who are exposed to sign language from birth babble in their own way. In the same textbook I stated before Feldman, Robert S. (2011); indicates that babies’ babbling imitates the precise language being spoken in the infant’s environment which focuses more on the pitch and tone of the person talking to the child. As the baby gets older, he or she starts to specialize in the language that they were exposed to from birth. To support what I am saying I read an article called Language and Brain Development â€Å"Jump Start† copyright United Feature Syndicate stated that â€Å"a child is introduced to language virtually at the moment of birth. Children do not require explicit language instruction, but they do need exposure to language in order to develop normally. Children who do not receive linguistic input during their formative years do not achieve native like grammatical competence.† There were three theorists that had their own speculation on language acquisition but intertwined with my thesis. Let us begin with Noam Chomsky. Chomsky was a very well- known linguist. He believes that human brains have a language acquisition device that we are inborn with. All children are born with a universal grammar that makes them amenable to the common features of language because of this hard-wired background in grammar; children easily pick up a language when they are exposed to its particular grammar. Http://www.brighthubeducation.com/language-learning-tips/71728-noam-chomsky-language-acquisition-theories/. Basically Chomsky believed that all children develop language around the same age and all develop language skills rapidly and naturally. The next theorist was Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorf’s theory is that children will learn language skills through interaction with others rather than obtain the knowledge involuntarily. He was recognized for his study that focused on a person’s thinking skills, how their ideas and expressions all depend on language. He anticipated a theory called â€Å"linguistic relativity.† This theory determines the way people think. In other words â€Å"â€Å"we think in terms of words or other symbols, and they are required as a precondition for a human to form an idea—or, at least, to express the idea to others. Although thinking involves mental manipulation of reality, it is heavily dependent upon words or other symbols.† Bergman. Jerry (Benjamin Lee Whorf: An Early Supporter of Creationism). My last theorist was B.F. Skinner. Skinner thought language is attained through standards of conditioning, association, imitation and, reinforcement. The difference from Chomsky and Skinner one believed he or she is born with language where Skinner believed that people have to be taught how to speak by some one’s language acquisition. All three theorists have their own assumptions on language acquisition. Chomsky believes we are born with the skills for language. Skinner believes children is learn through imitation that focuses on behavior and Whorf thought language was developed by interaction with peers rather than being born with it. The one major factor that they all share is the importance of language from birth. If children are deprived of language from the start they will suffer drastically, which proves my statement in the beginning; which was, children who are isolated from language and communication from the early ages will deal with major effects when they are older. A major period that some theorists believe is crucial for language development is called the critical period, which can cause many effects in learning language. From the article â€Å"Introduction Brain and Language† explained what the critical-age hypothesis was. This theory believes language is organically based and the capacity to learn your inhabitant language develops from birth to middle childhood. Subsequent to this period, the attainment of grammar is complicated for most people and never fully grasped. Children who are not exposed of language during this critical period will have a difficult time overcoming this deficit. This concept can be proved to be true in humans and other species. 22. Introduction Brain and Language gave an example of ducklings. For instance, from nine to twenty-one months after hatching, ducks will follow the first moving object they see regardless if it is a duck or not. This behavior did not come subconsciously but from an â€Å"external teaching, or intensive practice.† Other examples of the critical period that is strongly associated to language learning is the critical period in certain songbirds, e.g., zebra finches or white crowned sparrows (Marler, 1970). For children there have been cases that support this theory. For instance, there was a young boy who was isolated from society also known as the â€Å"wild† child. In the film produced by Francois Truffaut â€Å"The Wild Child† was based on a young boy named Victor. It was determined that he was left in forest and survived shockingly. (Language and Brain Development 23.) In the YouTube documentary we learned that Victor was not capable to speak or recognize language. He was brought to Paris where he was first put into a deaf school, but after Francois Truffaut observes Victor he believes he can hear and can be educated. After a while, Victor begins to gain some kind of language from being in society. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY). Another perfect example that supports the conjecture of the critical period is a girl named Genie. Genie as well as Victor was a wild child. Genie was abused and isolated from all society from eighteen months to about fourteen years of age. Genie was restricted to a small room under terrible conditions and received minimal to none of human contact. Genie was not able to talk or knew any language at all. (Language and Brain Development 23) said â€Å"this linguistic inability could simply be caused by the fact that these children received no linguistic input, showing that language acquisition, though an innate, neurologically based ability, must be triggered by input from the environment.† Like Victor, Genie learned some kind of language but lacked â€Å"grammatical structure.† Possessing language is essential to have living in a society. Without language you would not be able to communicate, give, and receive knowledge. For instance Genie; in (Introduction Brain and Language) said â€Å"The cases of Genie and other isolated children, as well as deaf late learners of ASL, show that children cannot fully acquire language unless they are exposed to it within the critical period—a biologically determined window of opportunity during which time the brain is prepared to develop language.† People use and develop language in their lives and it is important to have developed it in an early age. References Feldman, Robert S. (2011). Essentials of Understanding Psychology â€Å"Jump Start† copyright . United Feature Syndicate. Reprinted with permission. Introduction Brain and Language http://suite101.com/article/how-we-learn-language-a158847 Aitchinson, Jean (1976). The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Hutchinson Co. http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development.html http://www.icr.org/article/6391/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY

Lufthansa Strategy Analysis

Lufthansa Strategy Analysis Lufthansa is one of the premier airlines of the world and one of the largest in Europe, in terms of the number of passengers carried by it. The flag carrier of Germany derives its name from Luft (the German word for air) and Hansa (the Hanseatic Trade Organization that was active in Northern Europe, during the medieval period). Headquartered in Cologne, the major hub of the airline is located at Frankfurt Airport, in Frankfurt am Main. The airline boasts of having the third largest passenger airline fleet in the world and consists of modern aircrafts. The airline is a founding member of Star Alliance, one of the leading airlines alliances in the world. Check out the article to know more about the profile and history of Lufthansa airlines. The generously sized and comfortable seats, the extensive range of entertainment: with the Lufthansa Product Showroom you can now get to know the benefits of our Economy Class on long-haul flights in more detail even before your flight. Take a virtual journey through our offer from booking, to our services at the airport and on board, right through to your arrival at our Frankfurt hub Comfortable seats On  short and medium-haul routes  youll enjoy plenty of room. In Economy Class, too, the slim construction of the seat backs provides greater leg room, making it easier for you to stretch your legs. On  long-haul routes  a seat cushion width of over 40 cm, as well as the individually adjustable headrests on every seat, ensure your comfort. When you tilt your seat back, the seat is raised, giving you optimal support Varied entertainment On long-haul flights, as well as reading our in-flight magazine you can enjoy our extensive In-flight Entertainment Programme during the flight.   Meals Drinks We offer you menus that suit your departure time and destination. The meals are rounded off by a wide selection of complimentary drinks.   On selected routes we will also serve you a movie snack during the In-flight Entertainment. Your in-flight entertainment programme in First and Business Class First and Business Class passengers enjoy a comprehensive entertainment programme with the extended Lufthansa Media World. The four categories: Watch Enjoy, Listen Relax, StudyPlay  and Fly Lufthansa  can be individually downloaded onto the screen at each seat: 65 video options with 30 cinema films in up to eight languages, 25 TV programmes and 10 music magazines from all over the world, 100 CDs, a variety of audio books, 30 radio programmes with numerous international channels, games of skill, action games and board and strategy games as well as language courses are readily available. In Business and First Class every passenger also receives the monthly Lufthansa media world programme listing. Marketing challenges arise because of the uniqueness Safety Cost Cleanliness Price Destination Strategies are adopted by your chosen company to deal with those challenges They are putting forward more and more innovative methods to preserve safety up-to-date Regarding cost they are trying to cut off their profit margin and working on low profit margin They are dealing it with the best and effective way that will flourish mind of customer with cleanliness in all perspectives According to price they should consider their brand name and they will maintain price according to that which will not affect their brand image Their run in only busy international routes How do marketers of your chosen service company deal with the demand and supply? Mismatch? During the time of recession the faces problem but as they are a big establishment they came out that and they wisely meet the needed and wants by implementing so many innovative ideas The service product mix of your chosen company They concentrate on only one product mix What are its product lines? They only focus on one product line because they only have one product line Its service brands They have only one brand its called Lufthansa they are concentrate on airlines Its pricing strategy They gave concession for regular travel and gave various discounts to them and gave attractive offer for them and they implement a greater way process out these pricing strategy The service product distributed Magazines Video advertisement Television ads Internet The target segment for the service products Manley focused Business class peoples Those who want luxurious travel experience who prefer more and more comfort The service products positioned Deutsche Lufthansa AG is an aviation company with operations worldwide. The Group operates in five business segments, which provide mobility and services for airlines. The business segments Passenger Airline Group, Logistics, MRO, IT Services and Catering each hold leading positions in their markets. In addition, the Lufthansa Group includes over 400 subsidiaries and associated companies. The strategic business segments Passenger Airline Group and Logistics provide mobility for passengers and freight. The airlines in the Lufthansa Group are positioned as quality carriers in their respective segments. In order to strengthen Lufthansas position still further, new partners from the European home market were added to the Group. Lufthansa Cargo is also a market leader in international airfreight. It offers a global network, shortest transport times and high quality standards in many, often highly specialised, product areas. Companys Marketing Communication Mix We guarantee high quality of our products and professional consulting services. Regular trainings of our staff ensure instant implementation of innovations and detailed knowledge of the product. We provide organisation and prepare all necessary components of your travel. The role of People in your chosen company They are the real king of these airlines because mostly it is an expensive airline without people they can work it out so people plays an important role in the fields of these .They make it more and more popular in case of every factor which support these . Process which involved in the service production They prefer good interaction with customers Good way of treating passengers They know how handle business class passenger They are well expertise in handling services in an proper way There way of welcoming is more attractive and mind bloging They introduce many new ideology to make service more better and effective  Physical Evidence is used by the company to compensate for the intangibility  of the service To ensure that passengers who are not German speakers and who are boarding or transferring at Frankfurt or Munich, can always find their way around the airport quickly, Lufthansa offers the Lufthansa Guide Service as well as the Lufthansa Family Service, which is designed to meet the needs of families travelling together. Lufthansa Guide Service: we speak your language Lufthansa offers a Guide Service to international passengers, business travellers, groups and passengers who may, for example, need help finding their way to a connecting flight at the airport or who would like an exclusive passenger chaperone service. They will be met by a special Lufthansa guide directly at their gate or at another rendezvous point and accompanied to their destination for example, to a connecting flight, train, hotel, shuttle bus or to the airport lounge. Lufthansa guides will always be on hand to answer your questions and in more than 50 languages. A charge is made for the Lufthansa Guide Service. Lufthansa Family Service: relaxed travel with the whole family Lufthansa Family ServiceThe Lufthansa guides from the Lufthansa Family Service ensure a relaxed start to a holiday by helping families, who are boarding or transferring at Frankfurt or Munich, to find their way around the airport.   Parents travelling alone with children, in particular, find this a huge help. For example, the guides take them to check-in, where they explain the security regulations, accompany them to their gate and, on landing, to baggage reclaim, but also to restaurants, hotels or car rental companies.   The Lufthansa Family Service is also very happy to help older members of the family. If the passenger can only walk slowly, the guides gauge the time needed to change flights or if required, accompany the elderly person to the chemist or to a seat.   The Lufthansa Family Guides are on hand with help and advice in more than 50 languages, making this service above all a helpful support to families from abroad World premiere at ITB: In-flight entertainment via Wi-Fi On-board entertainment is an important part of an airlines service for tourists and business travellers alike. At the ITB, Lufthansa Systems presents, its cost-efficient new in-flight entertainment (IFE) system which opens up a new world of opportunities for on-board communication. Condor will be the first airline to install on its Boeing 767 aircraft. The innovative infotainment system is based on a Wi-Fi network which passengers can log on to through seat-back screens or their own laptops, tablet PCs, smart phones or other Wi-Fi-enabled devices to access a wide range of video and audio on demand, games and other content. Also makes it possible for airlines to offer new forms of customer communication, information and services. New services can generate additional revenues for airlines, and airlines can also customize their contact with each passenger. In-flight entertainment is an important part of the travel experience and a way to stand out from the competition, particularly in the tourism industry; said Rainer Krà ¶pke, Head of Project Management and Marketing at Condor GmbH. opens up entirely new possibilities for us. In addition, the system costs much less to install and operate than other solutions. Unlike conventional IFE systems, Board Connect does not need to be wired into every seat. The cabin of a Boeing 767, for example, will only need five access points which are connected to a central server. The system is much easier to install because there is no wiring required. It can be integrated during a regular maintenance check, so theres no need for extra downtime, said Dr. Jà ¶rg Liebe, CIO of Lufthansa Systems AG. Board Connect is also very reliable and gives airlines maximum flexibility as regards cabin rearrangement, the integration of new technologies and the development of new services. The elimination of wiring and data distribution hardware can lead to weight savings of nearly half a ton for a Boeing 767-300. This reduces annual fuel consumption by around 20 tonnes per aircraft. To create this pioneering IFE solution, Lufthansa Systems drew on its experience with the Mobile Infotainment System which it developed for cruise ships. The technology behind Board Connect is not restricted to the aviation industry; it can also be used on other forms of public transportation, such as trains, buses and ferries. On aircraft equipped with broadband Internet access, passengers can also surf the Web, send and receive e-mail and interact with friends on social networks. Airlines can also provide individual passengers with information about their connecting flights or offers tailored personally to them. Conclusion Airlines are the fastest way of transportation now a days there come so many airline industry to these field but whatever come till know Lufthansa is the 1st place so try to keep up that place safely

Free Hamlet Essays: Finding Fault :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Finding Fault in Hamlet The old English is difficult enough to understand when it is clearly spoken in a direct manner, but it is even more difficult when Hamlet, Prince of Denmark speaks so sarcastically and indirectly. Throughout Shakespeare' play, Hamlet is very indirect and speaks in a way that is not easily interpreted by the other characters. It seems as though he never speaks in an honest manner, never disclosing his true thought to anyone. Even if Hamlet ever says something that sound sincere, the audience is not sure of whether it is yet another of Hamlet's games, or if he is really telling the truth. The ambiguous way that he speaks is however, not the cause of his downfall; the actions of all those involved is what causes everyone to either kill or be killed. In numerous scenes throughout the play, Hamlet uses sharp wit and sarcasm to speak in a way, that confuses the other characters. For example, in Act 2 and Scene 2, with Polonius and Hamlet, Hamlet is speaking in a very sarcastic and confusing manner to Polonius, but he in turn doesn't notice the meaning of Hamlet's words because he just assumes that Hamlet has gone crazy, resulting in his awkward speech. In a scene with Hamlet and Ophelia, Hamlet tells her that he never really loved her and that she should "get to a nunnery". She believes him, because Hamlet speaks in an honest way; however, later at Ophelia's funeral we discover that he had lied to her, and that he did really love her. In his famous "to be or not to be" silioque, Hamlet is, again, very ambiguous. In this speech, he seeks as though he is contemplating suicide or weather to just keep living. He makes himself look like a confused and crazy young man; however, he tells Horatio that he is truly not crazy. No one knows what to believe from whom. Hamlet always says two things at once, and he then acts in a way, that is completely unpredictable. I think he played crazy to confuse Claudius and Polonius in order to avenge for his father's death. At the same time that he is playing the mad man, to Claudius, Polonius and his mother, he plays the untruthful and confused boyfriend to Ophelia. No one ever knows what Hamlet's true intentions are. Free Hamlet Essays: Finding Fault :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays Finding Fault in Hamlet The old English is difficult enough to understand when it is clearly spoken in a direct manner, but it is even more difficult when Hamlet, Prince of Denmark speaks so sarcastically and indirectly. Throughout Shakespeare' play, Hamlet is very indirect and speaks in a way that is not easily interpreted by the other characters. It seems as though he never speaks in an honest manner, never disclosing his true thought to anyone. Even if Hamlet ever says something that sound sincere, the audience is not sure of whether it is yet another of Hamlet's games, or if he is really telling the truth. The ambiguous way that he speaks is however, not the cause of his downfall; the actions of all those involved is what causes everyone to either kill or be killed. In numerous scenes throughout the play, Hamlet uses sharp wit and sarcasm to speak in a way, that confuses the other characters. For example, in Act 2 and Scene 2, with Polonius and Hamlet, Hamlet is speaking in a very sarcastic and confusing manner to Polonius, but he in turn doesn't notice the meaning of Hamlet's words because he just assumes that Hamlet has gone crazy, resulting in his awkward speech. In a scene with Hamlet and Ophelia, Hamlet tells her that he never really loved her and that she should "get to a nunnery". She believes him, because Hamlet speaks in an honest way; however, later at Ophelia's funeral we discover that he had lied to her, and that he did really love her. In his famous "to be or not to be" silioque, Hamlet is, again, very ambiguous. In this speech, he seeks as though he is contemplating suicide or weather to just keep living. He makes himself look like a confused and crazy young man; however, he tells Horatio that he is truly not crazy. No one knows what to believe from whom. Hamlet always says two things at once, and he then acts in a way, that is completely unpredictable. I think he played crazy to confuse Claudius and Polonius in order to avenge for his father's death. At the same time that he is playing the mad man, to Claudius, Polonius and his mother, he plays the untruthful and confused boyfriend to Ophelia. No one ever knows what Hamlet's true intentions are.