The Research Methodology Essay Example for Free

The Research Methodology EssayThe Research MethodologyThe descriptive persuasion method of research was utilized in this study. A survey questionnaire was used to gather all the needed data. Information regarding the profiles of the respondents (student and the adjustment personnel), the status of the existing enrolment in terms of its resources used (personnel involved, machines and equipment, procedures and forms used), the problems encountered by the customers in the existing enrolment system were analyzed. The results of the study were served asa an input for management review and action plan. Fig.1 Flow of the reflectInput -status of the existing enrollment process, problems encountered in the existing enrollment system Process -analysis of information base on the survey questionnaire, statistical computation, and interpretation outturn -inputs for management review and action planEnvironmentFig.2 Location Map of Cebu Technological UniversityThis study was conducted in CTU-Main Campus located along the corners of R. Palma Street and M.J. Cuenco, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000. There ar four (4) colleges of the campus College of Arts and Sciences, College of Education, College of Engineering, and College of Technology. Together with the colleges are the enrollment stations namely Clinic, NSTP (first year), PTA, MIS, EDPO, Cashier, and Registrar.RespondentsThe respondents of this study were the customers of the enrollment process of the school, both the student and the personnel assigned for the enrollment process with the four (4) colleges of the school.Table 1Distribution of RespondentsInstrumentThis study used the research-made questionnaire to gather data that could provide the needed information.ProcedureGathering dataRandom sampling method was used in gathering the data. Students belong to the day and night programs were also considered to determine the appropriate sample size and a 5% margin of error was used. The sample was drawn using the Slovins Formula.Scoring ProcedureTo facilitate the computation of the weighted mean, each weight was assigned to the home eith its corresponding verbal description.a. On the Respondents Self-Assessment as to their knowledge of the equipments used b. On the Respondents Perception regarding the existing system c. On Possible Problems encountered in the existing enrollment system

Theories and Principles of Learning and Communication Assignment Essay Example for Free

Theories and Principles of Learning and Communication Assignment EssayLearning is whatsoeverthing that takes place everyday for most steady-going deal in some way, shape or form and varies depending on certain circumstances. The principles can be simple or radical depending on opinion, some you whitethorn agree with while others you might discount straight away. Whether it is in the classroom or sat at home, it is important to understand that acquire takes place on the whole the time and people can learn new things everyday regardless of age, culture or background. The education system is the best example to connect these theories as it is so varied in its spoken communication depending on factors much(prenominal) as again age, skill sets and ability in particular. Overall it is important to understand that by following some of these theories and principles it provide help all tutors in performing better within the classroom and delivering better sessions which means tha t you will enhance the possess for the scholar.Theories and Principles of LearningIt is important to understand the significance of learning theories and principles as it is important for tutors to understand them, which will because help en certainly that effective learning is pickings place. It can support the tutor and the scholar through the process which allows for success within the taught subject. I believe that certain theories much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Maslows Hierarchy of call for Motivation and Personality, Third Edition, Harper and Row Publishers argon not relevant in regards to all learning domains today, in particular not in the womb-to-tomb learning sector. I agree with Geert Hofstedss (1984). The cultural relativity of the quality of life excogitation. Academy of Management Review that Maslows hierarchy of needs neglects to exemplify and expand upon the difference between the social and intellectual needs of those raised in different societies. I thin k that with our society as it is today, due to such a huge and diverse range of cultures now within the United Kingdom that it is impossible for this to still completely apply.Within the lifelong learning sector I think that andragogy is perhaps the best principle to apply. Malcolm Knowles researched and penned the four crucial assumptions to his theory which atomic number 18 as follows1. Self-concept As a somebody matures his self concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human being 2. Experience As a person matures he accumulates a growing reservoir of find out that becomes an increasing resource for learning. 3. Readiness to learn. As a person matures his readiness to learn becomes oriented to a greater extent(prenominal) and more than to the developmental tasks of his social roles. 4. Orientation to learning. As a person matures his time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of appl ication, and accordingly his orientation toward learning shifts from one of subject-centeredness to one of problem centredness. He later added a fifth assumption in 19845. Motivation to learn As a person matures the pauperism to learn is internal.Within the post 16 sector individuals are more geared up to follow in what they want to do and entertain the experience and hopefully the right mindset to try and achieve this. Therefore this theory is one that can support a tutor by just now appreciation why the learners are there, which is normally through pick rather than in the school system were pedagogy seems to take precedent and is a legal requirement. Analysing such theories will always help towards my own personal development and will hopefully allow myself to develop and improve the experience for the learners.CommunicationThe imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or development some other medium The Oxford DictionaryEffective communication is essenti al within any teaching field of operation and perhaps more so in the lifelong learning sector. Without this then even the simplest of tasks can become difficult or done wrongly simply by misinterpreting what the instructions are. The important thing to remember is that it is a two way process. It is all very well telling the learners what to do but if you do not allow them to ask questions to double check what you stick out said or even as the tutor you were may not have been out-of-doors enough to the learners in your delivery. I believe also that gaining a good rapport is essential with the age group that I deal with as some of the information being given is sometimes completely new to them. As it can be a lot to take in within such a short time period then openly discussing their opinions and what they are aware of is important to their and in some cases my understanding of the subject matter that we are delivering to them.Impact of Learning Theory on PractiseDescribing how a Foundation Learning course operates is not that simple, but in effect it ties in with the learner and should adapt and cater for the learners specific needs and can be tailored to incorporate different fits of what we deliver and what they want to complete. Our end goal even though it is not within our YPLA contract is to gain them employment after they have improved on their qualifications, which we are contracted on for our funding. My role within this is the delivery of the third week of the induction completing an Employability Award, whilst also helping the learners select which direction and qualifications that they would like to complete with us.Within the classroom I am doing life story progression and interview techniques and these are essential to the learner in helping them choose what career direction they would like to go in when they eventually get around us. My main delivery method is to openly discuss with the learners their knowledge and opinions on certain aspec ts about what is needed for their future employment. While also making sure that there is class participation by everyone and hopefully building on their confidence as individuals. By doing this it helps me gain knowledge and hopefully a good rapport with the individual, which is necessary as I complete their Individual Learning Plan with them.This then helps them decide what they are going to do and provides support to them so they can tailor what they want from the Foundation Learning Programme that we offer at CTS Training Ltd. There are two theories that I believe are best applied to the lifelong learning sector and that they specifically apply to my own role on a day to day bases. The first is the humanist approach which I have looked at is Carl Rogers and I believe that out of his all his hypotheses that the following one is the most important. A person cannot teach another(prenominal) person directly a person can only facilitate anothers learning. This is a result of his per sonality theory, which states that everyone exists in a constantly changing universe of discourse of experience in which he or she is the center.Each person reacts and responds based on perception and experience. The belief is that what the student does is more important than what the teacher does. The focus on is on the student. Therefore, the background and experiences of the learner are essential to how and what is learned. Each student will process what he or she learns differently depending on what he or she brings to the classroom. Rogers, Carl (1951). Client-centered therapy Its current practice, implications and theory.For the Foundation Learning programme to work it should be understood that the learner must bring themselves to the table as they are responsible for the choice and control of what they want to achieve. They must also be able to self evaluate their own performance in regards to how they feel they are doing and whether they will be successful, with or without support, in regards to what qualifications they are completing and what career choices that they have made. We can guide the learners but I would suggest we let them guide themselves so I try to apply what I should be doing in the following quote when delivering in the classroomThe tutor or lecturer tends to be more supportive than critical, more understanding than judgmental, more genuine than playing a role.The next theory that I apply is also tied into this and is one that I have discussed early in this assignment and that is the theory of andragogy. I believe that this also ties up well with the humanistic approach as well and by using the two together they complement each other and hopefully reinforce confidence within the learner that they will be able to succeed. Allowing them to be more in control and understanding that they make the decisions which is what the essence of Foundation Learning is, means that I am able to tailor my sessions depending on the groups I get. As I deliver to a different group on a weekly basis, this means I can focus on what is either more important or specific for that group rather than them just completing the same work each week and not addressing what they bring as a whole or on an individual basis.This can be challenging as it can change my aims and objectives on a daily basis which I believe is also good as it keeps the sessions fresh and up to date. By getting the learners to communicate with each other and myself I believe they can then take control of their learning. Giving their input to the direction that they want to choose and ultimately even without them knowing, breaking away from practises such as pedagogy which on the whole, has not worked for many of my learners which is why they have not made a success of the school system.Reflections on Insights Gained from Application of Learning TheoryOverall on reflection I believe that this has helped immensely in regards to my approach to how I deliver within the clas sroom. My experiences of teaching are only within one aspect of the lifelong learning sector but I can see that my delivery has improved by realising and believing that the learner needs to be more active in the decision process of what subjects that they want to learn. A majority of my learners have been told in the past youre doing this or that next and the decision have been taken away from them as individuals, whether this is directed from their school or even their parents. But I think regardless of where the influences of previous decisions have come from allowing the learner to take a more active role, in particular within the 16 19 category I work in, is essential as it will hopefully change the way that they learn forever and make their choices in the future.

Can The Legalisation Of Drugs Be Justified Philosophy Essay

Can The Legalisation Of Drugs Be Justified Philosophy EssayWhen we want to decide if a particular sub spot should be legalized, by which I destine the substance is not entirely stamp outed and is available to non-professional recreational engagementrs, the eldest enquiry should be into whether or not bulk testament come to harm as a conclusion of the dose being made available. But this assumption rests upon an initial normative ethical decision where we want on what crusade a government or legal entity should be entitle to prohibit certain substances by use of force and coercion. John Stuart bomber establishs forward two possible presumptions which must be met for a government to interfere with someones privacy and freedom of behaviour. The first pattern is what I will get out as the harm principle, while the second one is what I will call wonks soft paternalism, which is a practical extension of the harm principle.Mill argues that the only criteria for limiting fr eedom of behavior with legal or physical measures are if the consequences of the actions result in harm to another member of high society. If a persons activities do not result in harm to another person indeed a government has no rational grounds for preventing that behavior, even if the behavior breaks a complaisant taboo. As Mill puts it the only purpose for which power gouge be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized familiarity is to prevent harm to others1. According to the harm principle, then, we would have grounds to legalize drugs as vast as we could see no way in which this would result in harm to another person. This means that harm is a jointly sufficient and necessary insure for prohibiting a substance or a role of behavior. If these conditions are not met then we have no rational grounds for making drugs illegal. The practical implementation of this principle means we would be justified in prohibiting a school bus driver from smoking cannabis whil e driving, as this could result in harm to other people, but we would not be justified in stopping him from smoking cannabis in his own home.The second condition, which follows naturally from the harm principle, is a condition of soft paternalism. If we are entitled to prohibit types of behavior in pitch to reduce harm then it follows that harm can befall someone due to ignorance and lack of consent. The soft paternalist stance means that we would be entitled to prohibit someone from taking a drug if they did not know the possible harmful consequences of taking the drug or if they were not of a sufficient metal state to appreciate any danger. If we were to legalize drugs then we would also have to satisfy the sub conditions of consent and forrad knowledge, which are jointly sufficient conditions for freedom of behavior a presbyopic with the harm principle. The practical results of this policy would mean that a government would have no grounds in preventing someone from harming the mselves by using drugs which are passing solicitive and potentially self destructive drugs such as diacetylmorphine as long as they consented (i.e. acted on their own free will) to using the drug and had fore knowledge of the consequences. We would only guide selling heroin illegal to children or people who were not entirely responsible for their own behavior such as mentally disabled people or insane people. We would also be oblige to make the consequences of taking such a drug clear to the consumer.The first possible objection to the conclusion of Mills argument outlined above is that there are far reaching social consequences to legalizing drugs which the harm principle does not cover. We could consider, for example, the extortionate cost of drug treatment which it could fall on the state to provide. We dexterity also be suspicious that legalizing drugs and making them available on such a wide scale would result in a moral declination and a threat to an orderly civilized c ommunity. These objections essentially expose Mills harm principle and soft paternalism as being socially myopic. Although drug link behavior which whitethorn result in harm befalling people other than the drug taker are a priori undesirable, and that harm is therefore a sufficient condition for prohibiting drug use, it is not the only sufficient condition. It does not follow that, just because individual recreational drug use does not result in ready harm to another individual, it will not cause havoc if it became a widespread cultural practice. Mills argument for justifying the legalization of drugs, his harm principle, cannot be the sole criteria for making ethical judgments. This means that the harm condition may be a sufficient condition for deciding if drugs should be legalized, but it does not mean that it is the sole sufficient condition nor does it mean that it is a necessary condition.The point to be made here is, I think, that normative deliberations over ethical first principles are inconclusive due to this type of enquiry not being able to really see what the consequences of drug legalization are. We should supplement the harm principle and soft paternalism with descriptive ethical questions, such as what the cost of the war against drugs? W.F Buckley Jr. points out the wider social implications of drug taking in a social environment where it is prohibited by law. The fact that drugs are illegal makes them extremely expensive which mean that many drugs users must turn to theft to satisfy their habit, which may require stealing up to $5,000 worth of jewels or cars2. If the fact that drugs are illegal results in a likelihood of harm to other people then it follows that we should at least consider the legalization of some drugs on these grounds. The harm principle, then, must be considered in a wide scope which include sociological and frugal considerations such as those pointed out by Buckley.Another possible objection to the legalization of dru gs due to Mills conditions being met is that some drugs are highly addictive, so addictive that it constitutes a breech of an individuals freedom of will. An individual cannot continue to consent to use drugs if he is addicted in an extreme physiological sense to a drug such as heroin. Strong drug addiction does not satisfy the consent condition of Mills harm principle which means that we should prohibit someone from obtaining such a drug even though he consents to this addiction initially. Soft paternalism would extent to prohibiting the sale of highly addictive drugs in order to protect the individuals legal and moral autonomy. The harm principle here is too narrow to encompass the unique effects drug taking can have. We must instead rely upon a Kantian understanding of the moral agent, in which we understand a moral agent is an finish in itself, and since powerful addiction would violate this, then we should prohibit highly addictive drugs. Kants categorical imperative claims t hat human freedom is realised in the adoption of humanity as an end in itself.3This means that even though someone consents and has foreknowledge of drug addiction and decides to get himself addicted to drugs his decision is essentially immoral. A possible condition for the legalization of a drug could be that it is not so addictive that it will interfere with an individuals autonomy or encourage him to act in ways which are harmful to him. If we assent to these arguments there would be no grounds to justify the legalization of heroin while there would be grounds to legalize and permit the use of drugs like cannabis and salvia divinorum which are not highly addictive in a physiological sense.The problem with this objection can be outlined by clarifying what exactly free will is, i.e. what conditions have to be met for an individual to have free will. Frankfurt defines the freedom of will as being the possibility of having do otherwise4, which means that as long as ones will is syn chronized with ones actions, one has free will. If you desired not to take a drug and someone physically forced you to do this you would not have free will as you could not have done otherwise. Frankfurts position on free will is what I will describe as a coherentist position, by which I mean an individual acts freely if his old intentions coincide with their behaviour even if they are unable to prevent this behaviour. If an individual who is addicted to drugs and is unable to act in any other way because of this then this is still an instance of free will as long as this behaviour coheres with previous decisions made under consent and foreknowledge. A heroin addict is not forced to take drugs even when addicted in the sense that they could have done otherwise. Although his behaviour is determined by the drugs his will is not impede in the way that brainwashing or direct physical coercion by another person will impede free will. Kane describes the condition of ain autonomy as the power to be the ultimate producers of ones own end and the power to make choices which can only and finally be explained in monetary value of ones own will (i.e., character, motives, and efforts of will) .5 If these conditions are met then there is no realistic breech of the consent and foreknowledge and there is no ground to prevent the sale of highly addictive drugs.We can conclude, in regard to the above arguments, that Mills harm principle and the sub-conditions of assent and foreknowledge give grounds for legalizing the sale of drugs as long as these conditions are met. The only grounds on which we could make a drug like heroin illegal is by taking a what I will describe as a strong paternalist approach to welfare, in which citizens are prohibited from partaking in activities which will inflict harm of them even though they themselves desire or are aware of harmful consequences. This must be balanced, however, upon the implications of actually making these activities illegal. A strong paternalist approach to car safety is to make it illegal for motorists not to wear seatbelts. There are only positive consequences of this legislation. Making heroin illegal, on the other hand, increases the price of heroin to levels only cheap by serious crime, increases the risk of negative health implications do to unregulated heroin production and includes the risk of people infecting themselves by using unregulated drug taking equipment and diverts money and resources into enforcing these laws at the expense of others.Lord Devlin, on the other hand, argues against the legalization of drugs considered taboo or immoral in a society from a view point which does not necessarily rely on the negative consequences to individuals or the harm to an individuals autonomy. Lord Delvin argues, first of all, that any social group posses a right to protect its own existence. He then goes on to argue that particular morals and ethical trites which a community stands by should be en forced to protect the existence of a community. He then concludes that moral standards can be maintained by force and the curtailing of individual liberty. Society, he claims, may use the law to preserve morality in the same way it uses it to safeguard anything else if it is essential to its existence.6If it could be shown that the legalization of drugs such as cannabis or heroin would contradict moral standards then these deviations from the societys shared morality are capable in their nature of threatening the existence of society and therefore cannot be put beyond the law.7 The problem with Lord Delvins argument is that it fails to give an adequate explanation as to why a deviation from a routine moral standard is necessarily a threat to a societys existence. It simply does not follow that if an individual practises certain types of behaviour in the privacy of his own home, such as smoking cannabis, this results in a negative impact to the survival of a society. It also does not take into account that particular customs of a society may have evolved to meet specific needs which is no longer relevant. On the other hand, moral standards may have been enforced due to a lack of scientific understanding. It is certainly true that widespread incest could result in a threat to the existence of society due to genetic diseases becoming much prevalent in society, and it is therefore rational and just to enforce compliance to non-incestuous marriage. But it difficult to see how the legalization of a non addictive hallucinogenic drug with few side effects during moderate consumption could pose any threat to a societys existence.To conclude, I will summarize the conditions which should be met for the legalization of a substance to be considered ethically legitimate. It must first of all only be made available to those who consent and have foreknowledge of the consequences of the drug, no result how addictive or harmful it may be when it is consumed. The results of th e consumption of the drug should also have no negative consequences towards society at large. This could mean that a drug which, when consumed, could result in harmful environmental impact or damage to others who are not consuming the drug, should be banned. This could also mean that people are prohibited from taking the drug at particular public locations. It could also mean that the drug is only allowed be consumed at special facilities in which it can be regulated. The practical implementation of this could mean that one would be permitted to smoke cannabis consume ecstasy at particular venues.

Impact of Ethnicity on Politics

Impact of Ethnicity on PoliticsIntroductionThe concept of Ethnic Identity and the resulting Politics is a somewhat recent development. History is full of examples where certain ethnic assort got together and won over different ethnic groups for exploiting and snatching the assets of the other group. The battle for supremacy has exploited the ethnic ties in groups for their feature benefit. The American Civil War as is evident today is a variation of this type of conflict.The crusades chthonictaken by Christians however unchristian that may be is also orgasm under this category. Today the politicians be roping in ethnic groups to strengthen their rank and file so that they can exploit the number game of today. The impact of India by Babur, the first Moghul Emperor, was an ethnic groups invasion of a foreign land where the things needed by the group were available. The Moghul Empire, after a touch-and-go start, lasted out for a few centuries.Hence, the fact Ethnic psychol ogy played a significant role in shaping the history of the arena is everyday k presentlyledge. However, there must be something more in these group affiliations which is beyond religion, caste, creed or even culture.This paper examines the possibility of some basic reasons same(p) economics, common curses, recurring frustrations or uncertainty components which evolve an ethnic group and their contri thation for stimulating semi policy-making activities.DiscussionEvery ethnic group sh atomic number 18s non only a culture, religion, caste system etc besides they also face certain common hostilities, frustrations and drawbacks which they want to overcome. These days there is no way other than political relation by which they can make their statement heard and acknowledged by the concerned people. In the past whenever there was any common threat to a group they combined under an umbrella which later came to be called an ethnic group. In most of the cases it was religion but fact remains the group maintained solidarity by some thread only to fight against the threat facing them.There get to been a number of terrorist attacks all around the terra firma and in almost all these cases the roots are traceable to certain factions of a religion. The threats faced by these groups are numerous but it cannot be denied that the ethnicity factor had become dormant and the political ambition has become dominant.A case in point is that of the Gorkhas in the eastern part of India. It is well known that the Gorkhas are Mongoloid in origin but as removed as religion goes most of them are either Hindus or Buddhists. They have an identity of their own but are supposed to play a secondary role in the body politic of India in general and West Bengal in particular.They aver to be affiliated to certain tribes and have been living in the remote hilly area for generations. Some clans are traceable to Chine uplands and are dear not compatible to the society and culture of the main land India.These people, who have earned distinction by their services under the Royal British Army, have a very gallant regiment under the Indian Army. They are known to be very tough and brave in all assignments they are give. Yet they have started feeling that, outside the Indian Armed Forces, they are being deprived of their rightful claim to all the facilities due to them. As far as education goes they are not given any preference, all the important jobs in their home country of Darjeeling and adjoining areas are being given to the main land people.Thus they are now demanding that they should be giving a separate state under the Indian Constitution where they will be able to protect the interest of the hill people.This is a glaring example of ethnic politics. This ethnic group is trying to maintain its identity by resorting to politics whereby they are trying to protect the interest of the ethnic Gorkhas. In the past they have used all the means available to them strikes , non-cooperation, work stoppages and even fury in many cases so that their demands are at least heard if not met. The situation has become so serious that the tourist traffic to the hills has plummeted to the totter bottom causing great harm to the states exchequer.However for the last forty years they have been given no consideration at all and the successive state governments have only made a mockery of their demands. Tall promises have been made but not a champion action has been initiated for addressing their demands most of which are towards protecting the rights of the ethnic Gorkha.The cultural background of the Gorkha people is significantly different from that of the main land population. Their way of life, social attach and group affiliation has ensured that they project themselves as a different lot and therefore the ethnic political actions have created a significant impact on the total nation. People all over the country have slowly but surely started realising th at the Gorkha people have a point to state.The major political parties are trying to woo their support in gaining advantage and clout in all local elections and other related issues. Thus they are now on the thresh elderly making a big impact on the Indian political scene.Due to their geographical location they cannot think of going with the Chinese set up and the Indian politics has been dragging its feet in giving them their rightful claim. The ethnic identity has led to a significant polarisation of the political forces and may be in some occasion in the not too distant a future the identity of the Gorkhas are accepted and accommodated in the body politic of the Indian sub continent.When this long awaited eventuality takes shape it will once again vindicate the thinking that ethnic identity has a significant role to play in the political ambience of a place. The present day Gorkha movement is a clear validation of the world of ethnic identity influence on the political developme nt of an area.It may once again be recalled that the visible and manifested problems of the Gorkha people are just an vista of their frustration and anger at being deprived of the due facilities which is their rightful claim. The ethnic display of social bonds, cultural affinities and religious leanings are all but a manifestation of basically economic factors. This has been mobilised into an ethnic identity for influencing the politics of the place.ConclusionThe involvement of ethnic issues into creating any political identity is as old as history. However the truth is that the form and feel of such identity Politics on ethnic grounds has undergone a metamorphosis over time. The social, political, cultural, and racial aspects are all traceable to some common threat and frustration faced by the people. Such instances are countless in all countries but the issue of Gorkha people fighting to have their home land (on which certain knowledgeable write-ups were available) was chosen to highlight the main issues in the ethnic identity in politics.Here also the underlying reason for such consolidation of peoples will, could be traced to essentially economic and deprivation issues. Thus so long there are reasons to feel frustrated people will unite amongst others under the ethnic identity and try to wrench out political advantage from the authorities. Crowding under the ethnic banner for an identity and visibility will continue to be a dominant force in shaping the political situation of the world in the days to come.

The performance of The Galley restaurant

The performance of The Galley restaurantThe Galley is a restaurant which is a part of the large foreign shipping comp any which apply to cater food to the beau monde employees. The restaurant was in a cafeteria style with 150 seats and was located on the elevation floor. Due to a rise in the international foodstuff the Galley reduced in size. In the year 2003 the restaurant merged with the Lunchbox Ltd. The theatre around the building went under a huge trade, b ar-ass technology, new restaurants with new concepts, quite a large number of offices and a pub which gave a subtle competition to the Galley to survive in that area.( Galley case study). The invoice contains a SWOT analysis and both(prenominal)(prenominal) theory on managing change sure-fire in an nerve. Since the area has bypast under rapid change so it was necessary to conduct a SWOT analysis to get out the organizations f dressors that come across to the surrounding area. It also provides information whic h is helpful in matching the options and capabilities in the competitive environment to know where it stands. SWOT analysis is through with(p) to happen upon some strategies for the business. Strength and weakness are internal to a alliance. Each and every organization should find out its strengths and weakness to become successful in achieving the goals of the organizations. Resources provoke be tangible and non-tangible, human and non-human. Threat and hazard are external to any organization. Any organization to become successful and to survive in the market should know its surrounding area. Strengths are its employees, brand name of the company, any unique selling proportion etc. weakness include outdated resources, human resource gets older etc. Opportunities inc- lude any growth in the business and threats include competitors and active participation of trade union. The aim of SWOT analysis is to make a clear picture about where the organization stands. (Bhat and kumar, 2 009). Kirkpatrick has suggested that element like Empathy, dialogue and participation are successful in managing a change in any organization. After the market condition is known then specific steps should be taken to manage change in an organization. The organization should prepare itself to adapt the change in the surrounding. If a change is planned it shows that the organization is trying to improve its operation ways so as to survive in the competition. (Mullins, 2005).The report contains detai take information about the SWOT analysis and change management.SWOT ANALYSISA SWOT analysis is an analytical tool which is mathematical functiond in the business to assist in assessing a business in relation to other competitive business. It is a quick way to look at the authoritative environment as rise up as what the future may hold. (Hall, 2003, pg-92)2.1.1 STRENGTH(S)The galley has the following strengths.2.1.2 INFRASTRUCTUREThe Galley Cafeteria is a 150 seat cafeteria and is loc ated on the top floor of an eight storey office block. The entrance from the top laughingstock be very useful for attracting customers and can also act as a unique selling proportion.2.1.3 EXPERIENCED STAFFIn this cafeteria 20 employees have been fiting since 1970s and are experienced and have emotion habituated to the organization. The employees know the type of customers come and also know about the area.2.1.4 EXPERIENCED MANAGERJean Porter was an experienced caterer who had previously worked and managed other outlets of lunchbox. Jean had a proper knowledge about the companys objectives and hence use the experience to maximize profits and minimize the loss.2.1.5 BRANDNAME/GOODWILL OF LUNCHBOXA brand is a term, name, sign, symbol, design or a combination that identifies a companys product from its competitors. The brand of Lunchbox can be used to make the Galley unique and attract customers as the area had gone under rapid change.2.1.6 LOYALTY OF STAFFThe Galley had merged wit h the Lunchbox in the year 2003. The employees accepted the change and still were working with the organization.2.1.7 STILL GAINING PROFITSThe area around the building had gone under a vast change with new restaurants, new technologies but the Galley had a few old customers who used to come.WEAKNESS (s)The Galley has the following weakness.3.1.1 SCARCITY OF NATURAL RESOURCESThe area had a gone under rapid change and the Galley has been operating since 1970s so thither are chances of outdated resources and no proper training given to the employees to cope up with the change.3.1.2 LACK OF LEADERSHIP QUALITYJean was not suitable to motivate the employees to adopt the change. Jean tried to force orders rather than planning some strategies to make them a feel a feel of ownership for the company. team work and co-ordination was missing which antecede to conflict between the employees and the motorbus.3.1.3 SUBSIDISED MEAL IN THE GALLEYThe area had gone under rapid change with new rest aurants, new technologies and new cuisines. The galley had a very few range of dishes which lead to decrease in customers.3.1.4 RESISTANCE TO CHANGEWhen Jean joined the company she introduced a wider range of dishes. The staff did not accept the changes and did not listen to Jean as she was 10 years younger.3.1.5 PRESSURE FROM NEW OWNERSThe owner and the manager tried to force their ideas on the employees. Jean abolished the half an hour morning coffee, smoking break which annoyed the staff.4. OPPORTUNITYThe galley has the following opportunities4.1.1 DEVELOPMENT IN THE LOCAL AREAThe area around the building has gone under rapid change with offices, restaurants, cinema and a pub. There are chances of increased merchandise condition. Proper strategies and advertisements are done then more customers can be attracted.4.1.2 DIVERSIFICATIONGalley can make plans to increase its outlets. New products can be introduced with new varieties and modify its service operations.4.1.3 TIE-UP WITH MULTIPLEXGalley can take contracts from the multiplex and can open up a food woo where they can sell their products and at the same time they can promote their restaurants and thus can increase their customers.5. THREAT (s)5.1.1 GLOBALISATION AND FIERCE WORLD controversyThe area around the building has gone under rapid change. New restaurants have opened up with new strategies and varieties in dishes.5.1.2 INVOLVEMENT OF TRADE trades unionTrade union plays an important role in any organization. The trade Union has legal powers to shut down the company if the employees are not happy.5.1.3 CUT-OFF IN WAGESThe employees did not respond to the managers orders so the management decided to cut down the wages by 5% as a result there are chances of high turnover of employees.Thus a SWOT is a systematic identification to find out the companys survey in the market. Strengths are matched with opportunity to convert the weakness into strengths and threats into opportunity.( Stapleton and Th omas,1998).Change management is done to retain this position and still gain profits and minimize the loss incurred.6. Change care has been defined as the cognitive process of continually renewing an organizations direction, structure and capabilities to serve the ever changing needs of external and internal customers. (Moran and Brightman, 2001 111 as cited in Todnem2005 ). Change may get up from outside or inside the organization. In order to promote or adopt the change the organization should define the origin of change and the need to change to its employees. (Mullins, 2005). Change is a pervasive influence. We are all subject to continual change of one form or another. Change is an inescapable part of both well-disposed and organisational life (Mullins, 2005, pg-909).Kirkpatrick has suggested that Empathy is the first key to anticipate the feelings and reactions of the employees towards a change. Communication is the second key to communicate clearly with all the employees a ffected by the change. engagement is the third key to make the employees contendd and generate ideas for the change. (Kirkpatrick, 2001)7. EMPATHYEmpathy is about putting oneself in the conditions of other person and looking into things from their point of view. director should try to find out the reason for their digestance. The author mentions that may be the employees feel threatened and disoriented by the challenge of change. (Kirkpatrick, 2008).Managers should have the skill to anticipate the point of view and emotions behind the resistance. It is the ability to understand others perspective in a neutral way and understand their emotions and give weight to their concern and ideas. (Cook, Macaulay and Coldicott, 2004).Managers should take initiative to make a change effective. Usually employees are emotionally attached to the organization and hence feel afraid to accept the change and hence adopt a negative attitude. (Mullins, 2005).Supervisors should think beyond their posi tions and analyse the change from an employees perspective. An empathetic manager can encourage and increase the sense of ownership among them and it can also act as a tool for motivation and leadership. (Pugh, 2007). Managers should analyse from employees view point and this can be done by anticipating the advantages and disadvantages according to them. (Kavanaugh and Ninemeier, 1995).Jean Porter in the Galley Cafeteria tried to force decisions on the employees she did not try to look at the things from the employees point of view and hence could not create a sense of ownership towards the organization. The employees did not respond to her decisions as she was ten years younger and hence their was ego problem. Jean should have tried to bridge the age paste between them. Employees also became hostile towards her as she forced some rules on them. As mentioned above Kirkpatrick and some other authors mentioned that Jean should come down her position and think from the staffs view. Th e employees working did not adopt the change as Jean did not discuss about the cause of change in the organization and did not show concern to their views.7.1.1 COMMUNICATIONCommunication is a skill or ability to negotiate for mutual benefits of the parties involved. Good communication helps to share thoughts and ideas and helps in social negotiation. (Kirkpatrick, Duck and Foley, 2006). Communication is a two way process in which one listens and the other gives feedback. To implement a change proper communication should be there between the employees and the management. (Daft, 1988).Formal and informal communication helps to convey 80% of the information to the employees. Grapevine is a network of informal communication and helps to translate the managements formal messages to employees language. (Bhatt and Kumar, 2009). Management should clearly discuss about the change with the employees. One to one communication, group discussion and debates are the mediums through which informa tion from the owner to the employees are passed. (Robbins and Sanghi, 2006). Supervisor should deputise their work to the subordinates through proper communication. It is very essential that supervisor should communicate properly to implement a change. (Miller, Walker and Drummond, 2007). Poor communication act as a key driver of negative feelings and conflict among the employees. (Tony and Doukakis, 2003). Communication is an important factor in the process of implementing a change because it is used as a tool for discussing and making people understand about the positive and negative aspects of change. (Spike and Lesser, 1995 as cited in Kitchen and Daly 2002).Jean should act as a medium of communication between the owner and the employees. She did not explain the companys aims and objectives to the employees. Employees did not understand about the change and hence were not flexible as a result it led to conflict between the employees and organization. Organizations that effectiv ely communicate their purpose, information about products and their services to the employees are more successful.7.1.2 PARTICIPATIONEmployees input and ideas should be used to develop and make alternatives as the work of implementation provide be easier. Employees who are involved in the decision making process will accept the change. (Kavanaugh, and Ninemeier, 1995). Participation is fundamentally creating opportunities under suitable conditions for the employees to take part in the decision process where the subordinates get control over freedom of choice with respect to his own duties. (McGregor as cited in Banerjee, 1994). Prior to implement a change staff should take part in the decision process as it is very difficult for the staffs to resist a change decision which they have participated. It will also increase commitment towards the organization. (Robbins and Sanghi, 2006).Manager should ask the employees to cooperate and take part in the decision process. mental faculty would take initiatives and generate ideas and concern to accept the change. (Mullins, 2005). Participation benefits both the organization and the staff. Specific programs like discussions or training can be done to involve the staff to generate their views. Participation contributes to the theatrical role of change and increases the acceptance for those who implement the change. (Kirkpatrick, 2001). Encourage employees to introduce ideas without any fear. Encourage the participation of employees in the use of quality management process of the company. (Tony and Doukakis, 2003). Worker responds positively to change if their responsibilities are increased. Encourage active participation and ask the employees to contribute express their ideas freely. (Walton, 1985 as cited in Obrien 2002). Manager should be honest and open minded and should be able to build trust among the employees for the organization. (Judson, 1991 as cited in OBrien 2002).Records show that direct employee particip ation within the company leads to motivation and trust. In direct participation employees are concerned about the working environment, employee turnover, recruitment and wages but in current scenario records show employees are more interested in the development of the business and achieving goals. (Geary and Sisson, 1994 as cited in Shapiro2000)Jean did not involve the employees in the decision making process which lead to lack of co-operation and co-ordination. She did not discuss about the aims and objectives with the employees and hence they resisted the change. Jean should recognize the importance of motivation and encourage the staff to contribute in the improvement process8. CONCLUSIONThe SWOT analysis gave a clear picture about the Galley where it stands in the market. The analysis showed that what the company is good at or giving at and also shows steps how to maximize the profits and minimize the loss. SWOT analysis and change management are done to help every organization to adapt to new circumstances, to take part in the competition in the surrounding area and also to improve product and services. Employees are known as the internal customers or internal market of an organization. Employees should be informed about the organizations mission and vision. Manager should keep a notice that the channels of communication work properly in order to keep the internal market up-to-date about the external market. Special motivation programs should be introduced to meet competition. Managers should understand employees capabilities and use some communication techniques like newspaper and videos to provide latest trends in market. Manager should take initiatives to teach employees the necessity in doing things than only asking them to complete. Employees can be motivated through rewards and incentives to provide excellent service. (Tony and Doukakis, 2003).Empathy, communication and participation are the important skills for the successful management of change. Jean should have understood the staffs psyche towards the change and then discussed with them or inform them about the change and finally asked them to generate ideas during decision making process and give weight to their concern. Kirkpatrick as well as some well known authors have mentioned above the idea or concept to be followed to overcome the change. When Jean the company she should have done through reading about the Galley. Jean did not try to change the weakness and threats to strength and opportunities. If the internal customers (staff) are happy then the external customers will be happy.

Wild West :: essays research papers

In the beginning moving West was the legal age of the barriers and obstructions that the setters had to face. Indian attacks, blizzards, tornadoes, flash floods and dependable being ill prepared among and numerous other challenging ships took many settlers stays and were tough to over come. The journey was across a uniform, dusty, wind-swept, treeless no social functionness. The temperatures would very a lot between 110 and below freezing. Not to honor that on that point was no trees for shade or cover from the storms. In this book there is a lot of first hand diaries, artifacts and photographs that show how it was in the 1800s and how toughened it really was to make the trip to the west and live there. This book is about how the west was won. It is also about emigrants from China and Europe, slaves that had just been freed, teachers from New England schools, and just some farm boys or opportunist from the south and middle west. They all found out that the west was so enormo us and commendatory. They could not believe this indwelling land was so immense and enormous. One reason for oral sex west was the Homestead Act, which would give deserving people sites or land to individuals who stayed on there land for five years. There were six main Trails that they took the operating room Trail, the Santa Fe Trail, Mormon Trail, Gila River Trail, California Trail and the Old Spanish Trail.Some people eventide came out West on the Transcontinental Railroad that was latterly built. The settlers could even buy the land on the plains from the Rail Company. The rail road company had been allow great tracks of land by the United States government on both sides of the railroad and was later sold to settlers. The Native Americans suffered from this flow of people from the east and this would exchange their lives forever. There were many struggles and the quest to just stay subsisting is why today we call it the Wild West. Especially when a good lean of them were dishonest scoundrels or just drifters and adventurers. Plus, most of them were armed.The first thing the settlers needed to get done was to dig a well. Well digging was very hard job and often had to be done many quantify because they would run dry or they just couldnt hit water. For the families that just arrived getting a crop in was another one of the many pregnant chores.Wild West essays research papers In the beginning moving West was the majority of the barriers and obstructions that the setters had to face. Indian attacks, blizzards, tornadoes, flash floods and just being ill prepared among and numerous other hard ships took many settlers lives and were tough to over come. The journey was across a uniform, dusty, wind-swept, treeless nothingness. The temperatures would very a lot between 110 and below freezing. Not to mention that there was no trees for shade or cover from the storms. In this book there is a lot of first hand diaries, artifacts and photographs that show how it was in the 1800s and how hard it really was to make the trip to the west and live there. This book is about how the west was won. It is also about emigrants from China and Europe, slaves that had just been freed, teachers from New England schools, and just some farm boys or opportunist from the south and mid west. They all found out that the west was so enormous and commendatory. They could not believe this native land was so immense and enormous. One reason for heading west was the Homestead Act, which would give deserving people sites or land to individuals who stayed on there land for five years. There were six main Trails that they took the Oregon Trail, the Santa Fe Trail, Mormon Trail, Gila River Trail, California Trail and the Old Spanish Trail.Some people even came out West on the Transcontinental Railroad that was recently built. The settlers could even buy the land on the plains from the Rail Company. The rail road company had been granted great tracks of land by t he United States government on both sides of the railroad and was later sold to settlers. The Native Americans suffered from this flow of people from the east and this would change their lives forever. There were many struggles and the quest to just stay alive is why today we call it the Wild West. Especially when a good number of them were dishonest scoundrels or just drifters and adventurers. Plus, most of them were armed.The first thing the settlers needed to get done was to dig a well. Well digging was very hard job and often had to be done many times because they would run dry or they just couldnt hit water. For the families that just arrived getting a crop in was another one of the many important chores.

The Two Sagas of the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

The Two Sagas of Gilgamesh   Western literature has few epics of any real greatness readers can probably bring up most of them and count them on their hands with a few fingers left over. Of these, The Epic of Gilgamesh is by far the oldest. The standard version of the epic grandfathers Homers Iliad and Odyssey by centuries. barely what does it mean to call Gilgamesh an epic?  By the standards of Homers outline of an epic, Gilgameshs tale could be seen as two distinctly different, yet drawn together sagas.   There is a hero of great national or even universal importance in a vast canvas, a setting that may be the livelong world or larger. In the beginning we are introduced to our hero as not only the great king of Uruk, son of the goddess Ninsun and the great king, Lugalbanda, but alike a great tyrant who became a hero. From the beginning of his story this man is destined for a fantastic journey that spans the worlds beyond what any of his peasants can fancy to see. We are told that he is more godly than not, yet still must suffer the same fate as all mortals. With destiny set against his mortal, or physical life Gilgamesh must take the journey to the great cedar forest of Lebanon where he will prove his superior strength (and favor from the gods) to the world.   The fleck involves battles involving superhuman deeds or a long, difficult journey while gods or other supernatural beings are interested and involved. Gilgamesh does encounter all of these things. not once, but twice. In the first part of this tale he battles Humbaba, the feared giant who protects the trees of the cedar forest. Alongside him is his trusted friend, Enkido. Enkido was made by the gods, an equal of Gilgamesh which they planted in the wild as a man to grow strong in the wild of the animals. It is after Enkido has become Gilgameshs friend that he complains of feeling weak from civilization, and gives Gilgamesh the opinion of conquering something great to reclaim hi s strength and perpetuate their names. In this task they are also helped by Shamash the god responsible for the cedar forest because he takes pity on Gilgameshs mortality. Yet his story does not end at the defeat of Humbaba. Nor does it stop at the return of the mighty king of Uruk.